“…From this image it is confirmed that the hydrogel has a rough surface (Figure 3(b)), which according to the Wenzel's model would act as a wettability amplifying effect, allowing the surface to be highly hydrophilic. 46 Figure 3.Scanning electron microscopy images of surface morphology of dry composite hydrogel at (a) 500 µm and (b) 100 µm.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From this image it is confirmed that the hydrogel has a rough surface (Figure 3(b)), which according to the Wenzel's model would act as a wettability amplifying effect, allowing the surface to be highly hydrophilic. 46 Fourier-Transform Infrared and XRD analysis. Fourier-Transform Infrared was used to investigate the structural interactions of the polymer matrices in the composite hydrogels (Figure 4).…”
Section: Characterization and Analysis Of The Composite Hydrogelsmentioning
The discharge of dyes, including methylene blue (MB), contributes to environmental pollution. Adsorption is one of the most widely used techniques for removing colorants from water, with hydrogels being the materials that have attracted the most attention due to their excellent adsorption capacity. In this work, hydrogels composed of cellulose/pectin/starch were synthesized to remove MB dissolved in water. For the characterization of the hydrogel, Fourier-Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were applied. At pH 9, the maximum swelling capacity (326.1%) of the hydrogel and the maximum MB removal percentage (37.05%) were obtained. The Weber-Morris diffusion kinetic model indicated that other adsorption mechanisms exist in addition to the diffusion process of MB through the hydrogel pores. Temkin's model better described the adsorption process, therefore an interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface is assumed, while the MB adsorption kinetics at pH 5 followed a pseudo-first-order model; and at pH 7 and pH 9, they followed a pseudo-second-order model.
“…From this image it is confirmed that the hydrogel has a rough surface (Figure 3(b)), which according to the Wenzel's model would act as a wettability amplifying effect, allowing the surface to be highly hydrophilic. 46 Figure 3.Scanning electron microscopy images of surface morphology of dry composite hydrogel at (a) 500 µm and (b) 100 µm.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From this image it is confirmed that the hydrogel has a rough surface (Figure 3(b)), which according to the Wenzel's model would act as a wettability amplifying effect, allowing the surface to be highly hydrophilic. 46 Fourier-Transform Infrared and XRD analysis. Fourier-Transform Infrared was used to investigate the structural interactions of the polymer matrices in the composite hydrogels (Figure 4).…”
Section: Characterization and Analysis Of The Composite Hydrogelsmentioning
The discharge of dyes, including methylene blue (MB), contributes to environmental pollution. Adsorption is one of the most widely used techniques for removing colorants from water, with hydrogels being the materials that have attracted the most attention due to their excellent adsorption capacity. In this work, hydrogels composed of cellulose/pectin/starch were synthesized to remove MB dissolved in water. For the characterization of the hydrogel, Fourier-Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were applied. At pH 9, the maximum swelling capacity (326.1%) of the hydrogel and the maximum MB removal percentage (37.05%) were obtained. The Weber-Morris diffusion kinetic model indicated that other adsorption mechanisms exist in addition to the diffusion process of MB through the hydrogel pores. Temkin's model better described the adsorption process, therefore an interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface is assumed, while the MB adsorption kinetics at pH 5 followed a pseudo-first-order model; and at pH 7 and pH 9, they followed a pseudo-second-order model.
“…Researchers in recent years have begun to focus on the surface wettability of hydrogels. It was revealed that the modulation of the surface wettability of hydrogels can overcome some their defects, such as unexpected bacteria adhesion, undesired protein adsorption, easy dehydration in air and swelling in water, and allows enhancement of the hydrogels-cell interactions [62]. The relationship between hydrogel physicochemical parameters and surface wettability is a very complex issue; however, it was observed that the procedure of CS incorporation to WPI strongly affected the wettability of the hydrogels and other physiochemical properties.…”
New scaffolds, based on whey protein isolate (WPI) and chitosan (CS), have been proposed and investigated as possible materials for use in osteochondral tissue repair. Two types of WPI-based hydrogels modified by CS were prepared: CS powder was incorporated into WPI in either dissolved or suspended powder form. The optimal chemical composition of the resulting WPI/CS hydrogels was chosen based on the morphology, structural properties, chemical stability, swelling ratio, wettability, mechanical properties, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity evaluation. The hydrogels with CS incorporated in powder form exhibited superior mechanical properties and higher porosity, whereas those with CS incorporated after dissolution showed enhanced wettability, which decreased with increasing CS content. The introduction of CS powder into the WPI matrix promoted apatite formation, as confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. In vitro cytotoxicity results confirmed the cytocompatibility of CS powder modified WPI hydrogels, suggesting their suitability as cell scaffolds. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of WPI/CS scaffolds for osteochondral tissue repair.
“…When deionized (DI) water is dropped onto a solid surface, there will be an angle between the droplet and the surface, which is called the contact angle . The contact angle measurement is a commonly used technique to characterize the wetting properties of a solid surface.…”
Section: Materials
and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…When deionized (DI) water is dropped onto a solid surface, there will be an angle between the droplet and the surface, which is called the contact angle. 39 The contact angle measurement is a commonly used technique to characterize the wetting properties of a solid surface. In accordance with Young's equation, a solid surface is classified as hydrophobic if the contact angle (θCA) exceeds 90°, and as hydrophilic if the contact angle (θCA) is below 90°.…”
Section: W W W W Weight Loss Ratio ( ) (mentioning
In this study, we report on the preparation, characterization, and cytocompatibility of hydrogels for biomedical applications made from two different molecular weights of chitosan (CS) blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chemically cross-linked with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by freeze-drying. A series of CS-PVA hydrogels were synthesized with different amounts of chitosan (1%, 2%, and 3% by weight). The structure of these CS-PVA hydrogels was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrogel samples were also characterized for tensile strength, contact angle, swelling behavior, and degradation at physiological body temperature. Their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and cell viability when cultured with human dermal fibroblasts were assessed using alamarBlue and live/dead assays and compared to optimize their functionality. SEM analysis showed that the concentration and molecular weight of the chitosan component affected the pore size. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased with increasing chitosan content, indicating that chitosan increased its hydrophilic properties. The in vitro degradation study revealed a nonlinear time-dependent relationship between chitosan concentration or molecular weight, and the rate of degradation was affected by the pore size of the hydrogel. All of the CS-PVA hydrogels exhibited good cell proliferation, particularly with the high molecular weight chitosan samples.
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