Design and Fabrication of 3D Porous Scaffolds to Facilitate Cell-Based Gene Therapy

El-Ayoubi, Rouwayda; Eliopoulos, Nicoletta; DiRaddo, Robert; Galipeau, Jacques; Yousefi, Azizeh‐Mitra

doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2006.0418

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Moreover, cell attachment and viability were enhanced in 3D macro/ microporous PLLA scaffolds after the incorporation of porogen (30% salt), which improved surface topography (Figure 4(a) vs. Figure 4(b)). This observation is in agreement with other studies showing that cartilaginous tissue formation was reported in scaffolds with smaller pore size of 174 mm and 115-335 mm [22][23][24]. Furthermore, a study by Grad et al [25] has shown that a decrease in pore size might help to maintain the appropriate phenotype expression of the seeded chondrocytes and that cells are more likely to dedifferentiate when cultured in a 3D-scaffold with large pore sizes (30 times the cell diameter, which is approximately 10-15 mm) [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Design and Dynamic Culture of 3D-Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

et al. 2009

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Engineered scaffolds for tissue-engineering should be designed to match the stiffness and strength of healthy tissues while maintaining an interconnected pore network and a reasonable porosity. In this work, we have used 3D-plotting technique to produce poly-L-Lactide macroporous scaffolds with two different pore sizes. The ability of these macroporous scaffolds to support chondrocyte attachment and viability were compared under static and dynamic loading in vitro. Moreover, the 3D-plotting technique was combined with porogen-leaching, leading to macro/microporous scaffolds, so as to examine the effect of microporosity on the level of cell attachment and viability under similar loading condition. Canine chondrocytes’ cells were seeded onto the scaffolds with different topologies, and the constructs were cultured for up to 2 weeks under static conditions or in a bioreactor under dynamic compressive strain of 10% strain, at a frequency of 1 Hz. The attachment and cell growth of chondrocytes were examined by scanning electron microscopy and by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A significant difference in cell attachment was observed in macroporous scaffolds with different pore sizes after 1, 7, and 14 days. Cell viability in the scaffolds was enhanced with decreasing pore size and increasing microporosity level throughout the culture period. Chondrocyte viability in the scaffolds cultured under dynamic loading was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the scaffolds cultured statically. Dynamic cell culture of the scaffolds improved cell viability and decreased the time of in vitro culture when compared to statically cultured constructs. Optimizing the culture conditions and scaffold properties could generate optimal tissue/constructs combination for cartilage repair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Design and Dynamic Culture of 3D-Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

et al. 2009

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“…As expected, the fibrous matrices had a high porosity about 93.5 ± 2.3%, providing NPS a great advantage when compared to the other methods as solid freeform fabrication (55–70%) and 3D weaving (∼74%) . Another distinguished feature of NPS is the high level of pore interconnectivity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In addition, pore size, porosity, pore interconnectivity, scaffold surface area, and scaffold material are all critical factors that can influence chondrocyte biology . Ideally, the scaffold architecture should possess suitable mechanical properties and favorable pore structure to closely mimic the naturally texture …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needle‐punched nonwoven matrix from regenerated collagen fiber for cartilage tissue engineering

Huang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, a new application of needle-punched three-dimensional (3D) fiber matrix from regenerated collagen fiber in articular cartilage tissue engineering (TE) was developed. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the arrangement of fibers well mimicked the transitional part of the zonal articular cartilage. The 3D matrices exhibited a high porosity (93.5 6 2.3%) and a large pore size range from about 20 lm in the inner part to 200-300 lm on the surface. The interconnected pore structure and hydrophilicity of the fibers led to the rapid and desired water uptake capacity of the matrices. Although the tensile and compressive properties of the scaffold were slightly lower than those of the natural articular cartilage, the anisotropic and nonlinear tension-compression were highly similar. In vitro human bone marrow stromal cells proliferation and cell morphology revealed the well cytocompatibility of the matrix, indicating its great potential in articular cartilage TE.

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“…Scaffolds made of collagen and HA with/without synthetic polymers have been widely produced by electrospinning (ES) [49][50][51][52] and conventional scaffold fabrication techniques [53][54][55][56][57]. The flexibility of generating broad pore size ranges and mechanical properties by additive manufacturing (AM) makes it a superior alternative to ES and conventional techniques [58][59][60][61]. Hence, this work investigated the mechanical properties of PLGA-nHA-collagen composite scaffolds produced by 3D bioplotting (3DBP) using HFP as a solvent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of scaffold design optimization in bone tissue engineering: finite element modeling versus designed experiments

et al. 2017

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This study reports the development of biological/synthetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (TE) via 3D bioplotting. These scaffolds were composed of poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), type I collagen, and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) in an attempt to mimic the extracellular matrix of bone. The solvent used for processing the scaffolds was 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol. The produced scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography, thermogravimetric analysis, and unconfined compression test. This study also sought to validate the use of finite-element optimization in COMSOL Multiphysics for scaffold design. Scaffold topology was simplified to three factors: nHA content, strand diameter, and strand spacing. These factors affect the ability of the scaffold to bear mechanical loads and how porous the structure can be. Twenty four scaffolds were constructed according to an I-optimal, split-plot designed experiment (DE) in order to generate experimental models of the factor-response relationships. Within the design region, the DE and COMSOL models agreed in their recommended optimal nHA (30%) and strand diameter (460 μm). However, the two methods disagreed by more than 30% in strand spacing (908 μm for DE; 601 μm for COMSOL). Seven scaffolds were 3D-bioplotted to validate the predictions of DE and COMSOL models (4.5-9.9 MPa measured moduli). The predictions for these scaffolds showed relative agreement for scaffold porosity (mean absolute percentage error of 4% for DE and 13% for COMSOL), but were substantially poorer for scaffold modulus (51% for DE; 21% for COMSOL), partly due to some simplifying assumptions made by the models. Expanding the design region in future experiments (e.g., higher nHA content and strand diameter), developing an efficient solvent evaporation method, and exerting a greater control over layer overlap could allow developing PLGA-nHA-collagen scaffolds to meet the mechanical requirements for bone TE.

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Design and Fabrication of 3D Porous Scaffolds to Facilitate Cell-Based Gene Therapy

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Design and Dynamic Culture of 3D-Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Design and Dynamic Culture of 3D-Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Needle‐punched nonwoven matrix from regenerated collagen fiber for cartilage tissue engineering

Validation of scaffold design optimization in bone tissue engineering: finite element modeling versus designed experiments

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