Design, Analyze and Implementation of a Circular Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Communications

Abstract

Having the correct antennas is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful wireless network. Antennas exist in a variety of shapes and sizes, each with its own purpose. A circular patch antenna with a 2.4 GHz resonance frequency was proposed and realized in this research. This project is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the required antenna was designed and simulated through the use of mathematical formulae and specific algorithms to achieve optimal accuracy of the specified resonance frequency. The MATLAB computer language was also used to create and design a graphical interface that calculates the basic measurements necessary by the GUIDE to design the circular antenna utilized. In addition, The computer simulation technology (CST) program is used in the simulation process is used to build the needed model and test it digitally before implementation. After the simulation, computerized numerical control (CNC) is used to manufacture the printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna used is made on flame resistant (FR-4) material to perform this work. The experimental results showed the most important parameters related to the desired antenna such as At 2.360 GHz, the return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and input impedance (Zin) are − 25.72 dB, 48 MHz, 1.1092, and 53, respectively (from 2.338 to2.386 GHz). These results are close to the simulation values ​​mentioned in this research. As a result, the antenna used has good Wi-Fi performance and is desirable, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular phone frequency bands (2.4 GHz) are examples of wireless communication applications phones. The purpose of this work is to improve some of the important parameters related to the quality of the proposed antenna, such as the total efficiency, gain, voltage, and input impedance, as mentioned above. These findings were confirmed by comparing them to the findings of others.