Desiccation and Starvation Tolerance of Adult Drosophila: Opposite Latitudinal Clines in Natural Populations of Three Different Species

Karan, Dev; Dahiya, Neena; Munjal, Ashok; Gibert, Patricia; Moréteau, B.; Parkash, Ravi; David, Jean R.

doi:10.2307/2411276

Cited by 89 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The pattern is consistent with that for several drosophilids in India, in that resistance is relatively higher in the tropics (Karan et al 1998). However, as in the case of desiccation resistance, the clinal differentiation is weak compared to the variation within populations.…”

Section: Patterns Of Variationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The difference between Tasmania and Queensland for desiccation resistance and lack of a clinal pattern for this trait did not match the results of other drosophilid studies where resistance levels increased with latitude (Karan et al 1998). In a previous study (Parsons 1980) desiccation resistance in Melbourne was higher than in Cairns.…”

Section: Patterns Of Variationcontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…In particular, desiccation resistance tends to be relatively higher in populations from temperate areas compared to tropical ones, whereas the reverse pattern is evident for starvation resistance . This trend is most clearly demonstrated on the Indian subcontinent (Karan et al 1998), where parallel clines have been most clearly demonstrated in three drosophilids (D. melanogaster, D. ananassae, Zaprionus indianus). Where deviations from clinal patterns occur, these have been interpreted in terms of adaptive differentiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

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Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Hoffmann¹,

et al. 2001

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Abstract. Stress resistance traits in Drosophila often show clinal variation. Although these patterns suggest selection, there is generally no attempt to test how large differences at the geographical level are relative to levels of variation within and between local populations. Here we compare these levels in D. melanogaster from temperate Tasmania versus tropical northern Queensland by focusing on adult resistance to desiccation, cold and starvation stress, as well as associated traits (size, lipid content). For starvation and desiccation resistance, levels of variation were highest among strains from the same population, whereas there was little differentiation among local populations and a low level of differentiation at the geographic level. For adult cold resistance, there was local differentiation and strain variation but no geographic variation. For size (thorax length), geographic differentiation was higher despite some overlap among strains from the tropical and temperate locations. Finally, for lipid levels there was only evidence for variation among strains. The low level of differentiation among geographic locations for stress resistance was further verified with the characterization of isofemale strains from 18 locations along a coastal transect extending from Tasmania to northern Queensland. Crosses among some of the isofemale strains showed that results were not confounded by inbreeding effects. Strains derived from a cross between a tropical and temperate strain differed for all traits, and variation among strains for body size was higher than strain variation within the geographic regions. Unlike in previous studies, lipid content and starvation resistance were not correlated in any set of strains, but there was a correlation between cold resistance and lipid content. There was also a correlation between desiccation resistance and size but only in the geographic cross strains. These findings suggest a large amount of variation in stress resistance at the population level and inconsistent correlation patterns across experimental approaches. In Drosophila, levels of adult resistance to environmental stresses can vary among populations. In particular, desiccation resistance tends to be relatively higher in populations from temperate areas compared to tropical ones, whereas the reverse pattern is evident for starvation resistance ananassae, Zaprionus indianus).Where deviations from clinal patterns occur, these have been interpreted in terms of adaptive differentiation. Stanley and Parsons (1981) and Parsons (1980) found a relatively high level of desiccation resistance in two tropical populations of D. melanogaster contrary to clinal patterns, but these populations were exposed to extremely dry conditions in winter. In the same vein, Da Lage et al. (1990) found that D. melanogaster from a Tunisian oasis exhibited a high level of desiccation resistance, contrary to expectations based on geographic location.These findings suggest that selection directly or indirectly affects resistance traits. Ne...

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Section: Patterns Of Variationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Patterns Of Variationcontrasting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 76%

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Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Hoffmann¹,

et al. 2001

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“…It was however first described from India (Gupta, 1970), where it has been introduced at an unknown date. The geographic variability of Indian populations has been analysed and several latitudinal clines have been described (Karan et al, 1998a(Karan et al, , 2000. The African, ancestral populations have not, however, been investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait analysis and geographic variability of natural populations of Zaprionus indianus, a recent invader in Brazil

David

Araripe²,

Bitner‐Mathé

et al. 2005

Heredity

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Five natural samples of a recent South America invader, the drosophilid Zaprionus indianus, were investigated with the isofemale line technique. These samples were compared to five African mainland populations, investigated with the same method. The results were also compared to data obtained on mass cultures of other populations from Africa and India. Three quantitative traits were measured on both sexes, wing and thorax length and sternopleural bristle number. We did not find any latitudinal trend among the American samples, while a significant increase in body size with latitude was observed in the Indian and, to a lesser degree, in the African populations. American populations were also characterized by their bigger size. Genetic variability, estimated by the intraclass correlation among isofemale lines, was similar in American and African populations. The intraline, nongenetic variability was significantly less in the American samples, suggesting a better developmental stability, the origin of which is unclear. A positive relationship was evident between intraline variability of size traits and the wing-thorax length correlation. Altogether, our data suggest that the colonizing propagule introduced to Brazil had a fairly large size, preventing any bottleneck effect being detected. The big body size of American flies suggests that they came from a high-latitude African country. The lack of a latitudinal cline in America seems to be related to the short time elapsed since introduction. The very rapid spread of Z. indianus all over South America suggests that it might rapidly invade North America.

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“…As a result, they are widespread around the world, being found in all biogeographical regions, and occurring in a variety of habitat types, from pristine to urban environments (Wheeler 1981(Wheeler , 1986. Many species are also closely associated to environmental variables, being extremely sensitive to changes on the habitats conditions (Karan et al 1998;Jenkins and Hoffmann 2001;Van Klinken and Walter 2001;Avondet et al 2003;Hoffmann et al 2003). These features associated to a short life cycle allow these organisms to be anticipatory, as well as to be used in monitoring changes in habitats conditions.…”

Section: Drosophilids As Indicators Of Human Change On the Cerrado Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna

2008

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According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) the development of bioindicators is extremely necessary to achieve the conservation targets by 2010, and insects are considered an effective group for this goal. Drosophilids are regarded as potential indicators, although this idea remains untested. Therefore, we followed up a protocol to test the drosophilid potential indicator for human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna, one of the richest and most threatened tropical biomes in the world. Sampling was undertaken in one urban environment and two biological reserves, representing four habitat types (undisturbed gallery forest, disturbed gallery forest, undisturbed savanna, and urban environment). We examined differences in the drosophilid assemblages among habitat types and used the Indicator Value (IndVal) method to point out the indicator species. We also tested the two-stage indicator validation, a protocol recently proposed in the literature, to validate the indicator species for undisturbed gallery forest and savannas, in independent samples. The assemblage variables varied mainly in undisturbed gallery forests, and reflected changes from an undisturbed to a disturbed stage. The IndVal associated with the two-stage protocol showed reliable characteristic species, which are very helpful for diagnostic surveys. Likewise, species that can detect changes in the habitats were also found. We found a set of indicators, which together may be very efficient for both assessing and reflecting a variety of conditions, improving the confidence of the bioindication system, expanding the taxonomic options for bioindicators, and therefore, contributing to the conservation of this region.

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Desiccation and Starvation Tolerance of Adult Drosophila: Opposite Latitudinal Clines in Natural Populations of Three Different Species

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Quantitative trait analysis and geographic variability of natural populations of Zaprionus indianus, a recent invader in Brazil

Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna

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