Description of microsporidia in simulids: molecular and morphological characterization of microsporidia in the larvae of Simulium pertinax Kollar (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Carvalho-Mello, Isabel Maria Vicente Guedes de; Queiroz, Artur T. L.; Moraes, Rosiane Brito de; Gil, Helio Benites; Alves, Ricardo; Viviani, Andréa de Barros Pinto; Becnel, James J.; Araújo-Coutinho, Carlos José Pereira da Cunha de

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0165-2014

Cited by 3 publications

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References 40 publications

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“…The species’ diversity of Microsporidia , seasonal occurrence, and transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood [ 52 – 56 ]. Microsporidia are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that have small genomes in the size range of prokaryotic cells and are now thought to be highly evolved fungi [ 57 ]. Molecular and morphological characterization of Microsporidia in sand flies, it is limited to laboratory populations and during routine dissections of Leishmania promastigotes in species of Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus [ 58 , 59 ], but constitute the most common to black fly pathogens [ 57 ] and host as Culex , Aedes , Anopheles , Ochlerotatus mainly of Amblyospora , Hazardia , Nosema and Culicospora integrating the main clade from Parasites of Culicidae [ 58 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of heritable symbionts and microbiota diversity analysis in phlebotominae sand flies and Culex nigripalpus from Colombia

et al. 2021

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Background Secondary symbionts of insects include a range of bacteria and fungi that perform various functional roles on their hosts, such as fitness, tolerance to heat stress, susceptibility to insecticides, reproduction. These endosymbionts could have the potential to shape microbial communites and high potential to develop strategies for mosquito-borne disease control. Methodology/Principal findings The relative frequency and molecular phylogeny of Wolbachia, Microsporidia and Cardinium were determined of phlebotomine sand flies and mosquitoes in two regions from Colombia. Illumina Miseq using the 16S rRNA gene as a biomarker was conducted to examine the microbiota. Different percentages of natural infection by Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Microsporidia in phlebotomines and mosquitoes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia shows putative new strains of Lutzomyia gomezi (wLgom), Brumptomyia hamata (wBrham), and a putative new group associated with Culex nigripalpus (Cnig) from the Andean region, located in Supergroup A and Supergroup B, respectively. The sequences of Microsporidia were obtained of Pi. pia and Cx. nigripalpus, which are located on phylogeny in the IV clade (terrestrial origin). The Cardinium of Tr. triramula and Ps. shannoni were located in group C next to Culicoides sequences while Cardinium of Mi. cayennensis formed two putative new subgroups of Cardinium in group A. In total were obtained 550 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 189 taxa to the genus level. The microbiota profiles of Sand flies and mosquitoes showed mainly at the phylum level to Proteobacteria (67.6%), Firmicutes (17.9%) and Actinobacteria (7.4%). High percentages of relative abundance for Wolbachia (30%-83%) in Lu. gomezi, Ev. dubitans, Mi. micropyga, Br. hamata, and Cx. nigripalpus were found. ASVs assigned as Microsporidia were found in greater abundance in Pi. pia (23%) and Cx. nigripalpus (11%). An important finding is the detection of Rickettsia in Pi. pia (58,8%) and Bartonella sp. in Cx. nigripalpus. Conclusions/Significance We found that Wolbachia infection significantly decreased the alpha diversity and negatively impacts the number of taxa on sand flies and Culex nigripalpus. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) is consistent, which showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, F = 2.4744; R2 = 0.18363; p-value = 0.007) between the microbiota of sand flies and mosquitoes depending on its origin, host and possibly for the abundance of some endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia).

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