Description and basic evaluation of simulated mean state, internal variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6

Tatebe, Hiroaki; Ogura, Tomoo; Nitta, Tomoko; Komuro, Yuzo; Ogochi, Koji; Takemura, Toshihiko; Sudo, Kengo; Sekiguchi, M; Abe, Manabu; Saito, Fuyuki; Chikira, Minoru; Watanabe, Shingo; Mori, Masato; Hirota, Noriyuki; Kawatani, Yoshio; Mochizuki, Takashi; Yoshimura, Kei; Takata, Kumiko; O’ishi, Ryouta; Yamazaki, Dai; Suzuki, Tatsuo; Kurogi, Masao; Kataoka, Takahito; Watanabe, Masahiro; Kimoto, Masahide

doi:10.5194/gmd-12-2727-2019

Cited by 634 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…Figure shows the precipitation rate for GPCP observations, MIROC6 simulations for DIAG and PROG, and the resulting changes between the ON/SnwRad and OFF/SnwRad. Both the DIAG and PROG schemes are representative of the qualitative distribution of precipitation, yet MIROC6 somewhat quantitatively overestimates the precipitation rate, as discussed in Tatebe et al (). Nevertheless, PROG reduces the overestimation of precipitation in comparison to the DIAG scheme (Figures b and c), especially over the north Pacific, off the west coast of Australia, over Peru, and Namibia, and over the Amazon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…AOT is decreased by ∼10% in the PROG simulation relative to the DIAG scheme, mainly at midlatitudes (Figure f), due to enhancement of wet scavenging, associated with the prognostic treatment of precipitation which prolongs the residence time of rainwater. The original MIROC6 implementation with the DIAG scheme still overestimates the precipitation rate, although improvements have been made from the previous version, MIROC5 (Tatebe et al, ). Precipitation rate is somewhat decreased (by ∼7%) in the PROG scheme (Figure g), due to mitigation of radiative cooling in the troposphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We employ the latest (sixth) version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) in this study. The SPRINTARS (Spectral Radiation‐Transport Model for Aerosol Species) aerosol module, which simulates global transport of the major species of tropospheric aerosols (Takemura et al, , , ), is coupled with MIROC6 (Tatebe et al, ). SPRINTARS prognoses the mass‐mixing ratios of carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon and organic matter), sea salt, soil dust, and sulfate.…”

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MIROC6 introduces shallow cumulus parameterization (Park & Bretherton, ) to reduce the dry bias in the free troposphere found in MIROC5 over low‐latitude oceans. The treatment of cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layer schemes in MIROC6 is the same as in the previous version, MIROC5 (see Tatebe et al, , for a detailed comparison between MIROC5 and 6). MIROC6 incorporates a probability density function (PDF) based prognostic large‐scale condensation scheme, which parameterizes explicitly for subgrid‐scale cloud variability (Watanabe et al, ).…”

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic Precipitation in the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS GCM: Description and Evaluation Against Satellite Observations

Michibata

Suzuki

Sekiguchi

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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A comprehensive two‐moment microphysics scheme is incorporated into the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS general circulation model (GCM). The new scheme includes prognostic precipitation for both rain and snow and considers their radiative effects. To evaluate the impacts of applying different treatments of precipitation and the associated radiative effect, we perform climate simulations employing both the traditional diagnostic and new prognostic precipitation schemes, the latter also being tested with and without incorporating the radiative effect of snow. The prognostic precipitation, which maintains precipitation in the atmosphere across multiple time steps, models the ratio of accretion to autoconversion as being approximately an order of magnitude higher than that for the diagnostic scheme. Such changes in microphysical process rates tend to reduce the cloud water susceptibility as the autoconversion process is the only pathway through which aerosols can influence rain formation. The resultant anthropogenic aerosol effect is reduced by approximately 21% in the prognostic precipitation scheme. Modifications to the microphysical process rates also change the vertical distribution of hydrometeors in the manner that increases the fractional occurrence of single‐layered warm clouds by 38%. The new scheme mitigates the excess of supercooled liquid water produced by the previous scheme and increases the total mass of ice hydrometeors. Both characteristics are consistent with CloudSat/CALIPSO retrievals. The radiative effect of snow is significant at both longwave and shortwave (6.4 and 5.1 W/m2 in absolute values, respectively) and can alter the precipitation fields via energetic controls on precipitation. These results suggest that the prognostic precipitation scheme, with its radiative effects incorporated, makes an indispensable contribution to improving the reliability of climate modeling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prognostic Precipitation in the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS GCM: Description and Evaluation Against Satellite Observations

Michibata

Suzuki

Sekiguchi

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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“…In this study, the enhancement factor E au was introduced into the atmospheric component of a GCM, the latest version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC6; Tatebe et al 2019). All MIROC6 simulations in this study were conducted at a horizontal resolution of T85, which approximately corresponds to 1.48 grid spacing.…”

Section: Global Climate Model Simulations a Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Impact of Cloud Water Inhomogeneity through Microphysical Processes in a Global Climate Model

et al. 2020

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This study investigates how subgrid cloud water inhomogeneity within a grid spacing of a general circulation model (GCM) links to the global climate through precipitation processes. The effect of the cloud inhomogeneity on autoconversion rate is incorporated into the GCM as an enhancement factor using a prognostic cloud water probability density function (PDF), which is assumed to be a truncated skewed-triangle distribution based on the total water PDF originally implemented. The PDF assumption and the factor are evaluated against those obtained by global satellite observations and simulated by a global cloud-system-resolving model (GCRM). Results show that the factor implemented exerts latitudinal variations, with higher values at low latitudes, qualitatively consistent with satellite observations and the GCRM. The GCM thus validated for the subgrid cloud inhomogeneity is then used to investigate how the characteristics of the enhancement factor affect global climate through sensitivity experiments with and without the factor incorporated. The latitudinal variation of the factor is found to have a systematic impact that reduces the cloud water and the solar reflection at low latitudes in the manner that helps mitigate the too-reflective cloud bias common among GCMs over the tropical oceans. Due to the limitation of the factor arising from the PDF assumption, however, no significant impact is found in the warm rain formation process. Finally, it is shown that the functional form for the PDF in a GCM is crucial to properly characterize the observed cloud water inhomogeneity and its relationship with precipitation.

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Future of land surface water availability over the Mediterranean basin and North Africa: Analysis and synthesis from the CMIP6 exercise

Arjdal

Driouech

Vignon

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Science Letters

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The Mediterranean basin and Northern Africa are projected to be among the most vulnerable areas to climate change. This research documents, analyzes, and synthesizes the projected changes in precipitation P, evapotranspiration E, net water supply from the atmosphere to the surface P–E, and surface soil moisture over these regions as simulated by 17 global climate models from the sixth exercise of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5. It also explores the sensitivity of the results to the chosen climate scenario and model resolution and assesses how the projections have evolved from the fifth exercise (CMIP5). Models project a statistically robust drying over the entire Mediterranean and coastal North Africa. Over the Northern Mediterranean sector, a significant precipitation decrease reaching −0.4 ∓ 0.1 mm is projected during the 21st century under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. Conversely, a significant increase in precipitation of +0.05 to 0.3 ∓ 0.1 mm day−1 is projected over South‐Eastern Sahara under the same scenario. Evapotranspiration and soil moisture exhibit decreasing trends over the Mediterranean basin and an increase over the Sahara for both SSPs, with a notable acceleration from the 2020s. As a result, P‐E is projected to decrease at a rate of about −0.3 mm day−1 under the high‐end scenario SSP5‐8.5 over the Mediterranean whilst no significant changes are expected over the Sahara due to evapotranspiration compensation effects. CMIP6 and CMIP5 models project qualitatively similar patterns of changes but CMIP6 models exhibit more intense changes over the Mediterranean basin and South‐Eastern Sahara, especially during winter.

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Description and basic evaluation of simulated mean state, internal variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6

Cited by 634 publications

References 167 publications

Prognostic Precipitation in the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS GCM: Description and Evaluation Against Satellite Observations

Prognostic Precipitation in the MIROC6‐SPRINTARS GCM: Description and Evaluation Against Satellite Observations

Climate Impact of Cloud Water Inhomogeneity through Microphysical Processes in a Global Climate Model

Future of land surface water availability over the Mediterranean basin and North Africa: Analysis and synthesis from the CMIP6 exercise

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