Dermatitis Venenata

Pardo-Castello, V.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1923.02360070084006

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Its distribution is shown in Figure 1, encompassing the seasonally dry tropical biome from southern USA to Central Argentina in America and from Sudan to Zimbabwe in Africa. The species is called "twining Tragia" in Jamaica due to its growth habit, and Pringamoza morada in Cuba due to its purple flowers [26]. Most of its vernacular names, such as "fireman" or "cowitch," stem from the intense irritation it produces, due to its stinging hairs (raphides) tipped with calcium oxalate crystals that cause a painful, transient contact dermatitis that disappears, leaving no trace [27].…”

Section: The Genus Tragia (Euphorbiaceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tragia volubilis L. Methanolic Extract

Romero-Benavides,

Atiencie-Valarezo,

Duarte-Casar

2023

Plants

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Several species from the genus Tragia L. in the family Euphorbiaceae are part of the ethnomedicine of traditional cultures, and have a variety of uses. Tragia volubilis L. is a species spread through tropical America and Africa with several ethnomedical uses, particularly for wound healing and reproductive issues. In this study, we assess the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of T. volubilis collected in southern Ecuador. The phytochemical screening of the extract shows the preliminary presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The extract shows an Antioxidant Activity Index of 1.14, interpreted as strong antioxidant activity. Four flavonoid compounds were isolated through chromatographic procedures and identified through NMR spectroscopy: avicularin, quercitrin, afzelin, and amentoflavone. The biological activity of these compounds matches the ethnopharmacological uses of the species. This is the first phytochemical study of T. volubilis and supports its traditional medicinal uses.

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Section: The Genus Tragia (Euphorbiaceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tragia volubilis L. Methanolic Extract

Romero-Benavides,

Atiencie-Valarezo,

Duarte-Casar

2023

Plants

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“…They are found in, e.g., Boraginaceae such as borage (Borago officinalis) and Symphytum, Urticaceae (Forsskaolea) [34], Solanaceae (Solanum carolinense) [35], or as multicellular hairs in Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbita) ( Figure 4). The term "stinging hairs" has further been used for trichomes that are additionally associated with toxins on the plant surface, causing a reaction on the skin upon contact, e.g., in the velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens, Fabaceae, Rosales) [36] or the Barbados cherry and allied species (Malphigiaceae, Malphigiales) [37]. We prefer to differentiate these trichomes for purely mechanical irritation as "irritant hairs" from stinging hairs proper.…”

Section: What Are "Stinging Hairs"?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs

Ensikat

Wessely

Engeser

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Plant stinging hairs have fascinated humans for time immemorial. True stinging hairs are highly specialized plant structures that are able to inject a physiologically active liquid into the skin and can be differentiated from irritant hairs (causing mechanical damage only). Stinging hairs can be classified into two basic types: Urtica-type stinging hairs with the classical “hypodermic syringe” mechanism expelling only liquid, and Tragia-type stinging hairs expelling a liquid together with a sharp crystal. In total, there are some 650 plant species with stinging hairs across five remotely related plant families (i.e., belonging to different plant orders). The family Urticaceae (order Rosales) includes a total of ca. 150 stinging representatives, amongst them the well-known stinging nettles (genus Urtica). There are also some 200 stinging species in Loasaceae (order Cornales), ca. 250 stinging species in Euphorbiaceae (order Malphigiales), a handful of species in Namaceae (order Boraginales), and one in Caricaceae (order Brassicales). Stinging hairs are commonly found on most aerial parts of the plants, especially the stem and leaves, but sometimes also on flowers and fruits. The ecological role of stinging hairs in plants seems to be essentially defense against mammalian herbivores, while they appear to be essentially inefficient against invertebrate pests. Stinging plants are therefore frequent pasture weeds across different taxa and geographical zones. Stinging hairs are usually combined with additional chemical and/or mechanical defenses in plants and are not a standalone mechanism. The physiological effects of stinging hairs on humans vary widely between stinging plants and range from a slight itch, skin rash (urticaria), and oedema to sharp pain and even serious neurological disorders such as neuropathy. Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the chemical basis of the physiological effects. Since the middle of the 20th century, neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin) have been repeatedly detected in stinging hairs of Urticaceae, but recent analyses of Loasaceae stinging hair fluids revealed high variability in their composition and content of neurotransmitters. These substances can explain some of the physiological effects of stinging hairs, but fail to completely explain neuropathic effects, pointing to some yet unidentified neurotoxin. Inorganic ions (e.g., potassium) are detected in stinging hairs and could have synergistic effects. Very recently, ultrastable miniproteins dubbed “gympietides” have been reported from two species of Dendrocnide, arguably the most violently stinging plant. Gympietides are shown to be highly neurotoxic, providing a convincing explanation for Dendrocnide toxicity. For the roughly 648 remaining stinging plant species, similarly convincing data on toxicity are still lacking.

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Skin Diseases in the New World

Pardo-Castello¹

1933

Arch Derm Syphilol

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Dermatitis Venenata

Cited by 16 publications

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Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tragia volubilis L. Methanolic Extract

Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tragia volubilis L. Methanolic Extract

Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs

Skin Diseases in the New World

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