Depth-distribution, possible sources, and toxic risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different river sediment cores affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta

Wang, Wei; Bai, Junhong; Zhang, Guangliang; Jia, Jia; Cui, Baoshan; Liu, Xinhui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.068

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This confirms the fast dissipation time of carbofuran in natural field conditions and its high susceptibility to degradation. These results are in agreement with the observations of Wang et al [38], Otieno et al [56], and Teerakun et al [57], who stated that microbial degradation is an important decomposition pathway of carbofuran in neutral and acidic soils. Moreover, studies conducted by Lalah et al [58] stated that carbofuran may adsorbed and metabolized in soil, giving a large number of indirect non-toxic metabolites.…”

Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The confirmation of this thesis may be proportional (p,p'-DDD+p,p'-DDE)/ 3DDT, which in all sampling sites was >0.5 (from 0.93 to 2.46). Previous studies of Wang et al [38] and Dirbaba et al [8] showed that (p,p'DDE + p,p'DDD)/ 3DDT > 0.5 indicate historical application of DDTs products. Moreover, the ratio of (p,p'DDE + p,p'DDD)/ 3DDT > 0.5 indicates that aerobic transformation processes, which are typical for upland soils, are advantageous over anaerobic dechlorination, which is characteristic for sediments or waterlogged territories [8,35].…”

Section: Ocp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The extensive use of DDT resulted from the low costs of its manufacturing and high efficacy as an insecticide product. Despite Europe and the US banning the use of DDT, Asian countries and less economically developed countries in other continents [4,8,29,[36][37][38] still use it. Therefore, DDTs can be transported with atmospheric particles to other countries and deposited in soils in temperate climate conditions.…”

Section: Ocp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

Ukalska-Jaruga

Smreczak

Siebielec³

2020

Molecules

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Pesticides belong to a group of xenobiotics harmful to humans and wildlife, whose fate and activity depends on their susceptibility to degradation. Therefore, the monitoring of their residue level in agricultural soils is very important because it provides very valuable information on the actual level of soil contamination and environmental risk resulting from their application. The aim of this study was to evaluate contemporary concentrations of organochlorine (OCPs) and non-chlorinated pesticides (NCPs) in arable soils of Poland as an example of Central and Eastern European countries. The results were assessed in relation to Polish regulations, which are more restrictive compared to those of other European countries. The sampling area covered the territory of arable lands in Poland (216 sampling points). The distribution of sampling points aimed to reflect different geographical districts, conditions of agricultural production, and various soil properties. The collected soil samples were extracted with organic solvents in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE 2000). The OCPs, including α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and p,p’DDT, p,p’DDE, and p,p’DDD, were extracted with a hexane/acetone mixture (70:30 v/v) and determined by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-μECD). NCPs included atrazine, carbaryl, and carbofuran were extracted with a dichloromethane/acetone mixture (50:50 v/v), while maneb was extracted by intensive shaking the sample with acetone (1:1 v/v) and ethylenediamine-tertraacetic acid. The NCPs were identified by a dual mass- spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The total content of individual OCPs ranged from 0.61 to 1031.64 µg kg−1, while the NCP concentrations were significantly lower, from 0.01 to 43.92 µg kg−1. DDTs were detected in all soils samples (p,p’DDD (23.60 µg kg−1) > p,p’DDT (18.23 µg kg−1) > p,p’DDE (4.06 µg kg−1), while HCHs were only in 4% of the analyzed samples (β-HCH (339.55 µg kg−1) > α-HCH (96.96 µg kg−1) > γ-HCH (3.04 µg kg−1)), but in higher values than DDTs. Among NCPs, higher concentration was observed for carbaryl (<0.01–28.07 µg kg−1) and atrazine (<0.01–15.85 µg kg−1), while the lower for carbofuran (<0.01–0.54 µg kg−1). Maneb was not detected in analyzed soils. Assessment of the level of soil pollution based on Polish regulations indicated that several percentages of the samples exceeded the criterion for OCPs, such as ∑3DDTs (14 samples; 6.5% of soils) and HCH congeners (α-HCH in one sample; 0.5% of soils), while NCP concentration, such as for atrazine, carbaryl and carbofuran were below the permissible levels or were not detected in the analyzed soils, e.g., maneb. The obtained results indicated that residues of the analyzed pesticides originate from historical agricultural deposition and potentially do not pose a direct threat to human and animal health. The behavior and persistence of pesticides in the soils depend on their properties. Significantly lower NCP concentration in the soils resulted from their lower hydrophobicity and higher susceptibility to leaching into the soil profile. OCPs are characterized by a high half-life time, which affect their significantly higher persistence in soils resulting from affinity to the soil organic phase.

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Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Ocp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ocp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

Ukalska-Jaruga

Smreczak

Siebielec³

2020

Molecules

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“…The ratios of (DDE +DDD)/DDTs at most sampling site were < 0.5. Previous studies by [ 65 , 66 ] stated that (DDE +DDD)/DDTs < 0.5 indicate recent application of DDTs. The ration of (DDE +DDD)/DDTs > 0.5 indicates a long weathering of DDTs [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Dirbaba

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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This study was initiated to document information on the levels of sediment contamination with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Moreover, it was intended to identify compounds which impose major ecological risks to aquatic organisms. Surficial sediments were collected from 46 locations within the streams and rivers of the Awash River Basin. In total 30 compounds were included in this study: 16 OCPs, 7 PCBs and 7 PBDEs. The total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs ranged from 6.63 to 206.13 ng g-1- dry weight (dw), 0.85 to 26.56 ng g-1-dw and 3.71 to 18.95 ng g-1-dw respectively. Out of all the tested OCPs, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) were the most abundant in the study area. The ratio of (β-HCH/∑HCHs) indicated that HCHs were originally from earlier usage of HCH in the area whereas the ratio of (p,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDE) showed that the majority of DDT components were recently introduced into most of the sampling locations. Even though there were relatively low concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs across the sampling sites, substantial amounts of PCBs were observed in Addis Ababa City. According to the established ecological risk indices, p,p’-DDT and γ-HCH are the major concerns for potential adverse ecological impacts. This study provided the first comprehensive information on organohalogenated compounds’ (OCs’) occurrences, spatial distributions, and ecological risks in sediments of the Awash River Basin. Thus, the report will be very useful background information for further studies on sediment contamination with OCs’ in the region. It also adds important first-hand data to the field of fresh water ecology and provides useful empirical evidence for setting pollution control priorities for an ecologically important, yet largely understudied region.

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“…Yeraltı ve yüzeysel sularla birlikte sedimentlerde de pestisit çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Bazı pestisitler hidrofobik özellikleri dolayısıyla sedimentte birikmeye daha meyilli olmaktadırlar [78], [79]. Bu yüzden sadece su numunelerinde pestisit kirliliğini ölçmek yeterli değildir.…”

Section: Pestisitler Ile Ilgili Türkiye'de Yasal Düzenlemelerunclassified

Current status of agricultural pesticide pollution in Turkey and evaluation of alternative control methods

Doğan¹,

Karpuzcu²

2019

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Pestisitler, yeterli miktarda ve kalitede tarımsal üretim gerçekleştirmek için modern tarımının vazgeçilmezi olmuşlardır. Kontrolsüz ve aşırı pestisit kullanımı, doğal kaynaklar, insanlar ve diğer canlılar için tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle su kaynaklarındaki pestisit kirliliğinin kontrolü için, pestisit kullanım ve satışına dair verilerin sağlıklı tutulması, pestisit uygulaması birlikte pestisitlerin taşınım ve dönüşüm mekanizmalarının bilinmesi, izleme çalışmaları ile pestisit varlığının tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Matematiksel modeller vasıtası ile de pestisit kirliğinin yönetiminde zaman ve ekonomik açıdan tasarruf sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca En İyi Yönetim Uygulamaları (EİYU) gibi doğal arıtım yöntemlerinin ve alternatif kontrol tedbirlerinin havzada uygulanabilirliği araştıralabilecektir. Bazı çalışmalarda EİYU kapsamında uygulanan bitkilendirilmiş filtre şeritler ile su kaynaklarında %40 üzerinde pestisit giderimi sağlandığı görülmüştür. EİYU'ların verimliliğini araştırmak için karar destek sistemleri (KDS) önemli bir araç olup, pestisit türlerine ve havza yapısına göre giderim oranları değişmektedir. Bir metre uzunluğundaki bir bitkilendirilmiş şerit uygulamasının etkinliğini KDS ile ölçen bir çalışmada Kaliforniya'daki domates tarlalarında %40-60 oranında pestisit giderimi sağlanırken aynı uygulama Oregon'daki buğday tarlalarında %15-20 oranında giderim sağlamaktadır. Bu tarz çalışmaların ulusal düzeyde artması ile yoğun pestisit kullanımı olan tarımsal havzalarda pestisit kirliliğinin kontrolü kolaylaşacak, alınabilecek tedbirler kolayca belirlenebilecektir. Pesticide use is essential for sufficient quality and quantity production in modern agriculture. Uncontrolled and excessive pesticide use poses serious danger for human health, other living things and natural resources. It is necessary to keep track of pesticide sale and consumption data, to determine pesticide fate and transport mechanisms in the environment after application and monitoring pesticides in water sources for sustain efficient pesticide pollution control. Mathematical models are useful for the pesticide pollution control by time and money saving. It will also possible to investigate the applicability of natural treatment and alternative control methods in the basins such as Best Management Practices (BMP). As mentioned in this study, vegetated filter strip application as BMP reduces pesticide load over 40% in water sources. Decision Support Systems (DSS) are promising tool for assess the efficiency of BMPs. DSS are able to predict pesticide concentrations in the watershed that depends on pesticide types and watershed properties. In a DSS study, 1 meter vegetated filter strip application in tomato fields removes 40-60% pesticide concentration in receiving water bodies while reduces 15-20% pesticide pollution in the wheat fields in Oregon. With the increase of such studies at the national level, the control of pesticide pollution in agricultural basins with intensive pesticide use will be easier.

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Depth-distribution, possible sources, and toxic risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different river sediment cores affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Current status of agricultural pesticide pollution in Turkey and evaluation of alternative control methods

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