Depression in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis

Adrianto, Nicholas; Caesarlia, Josephine; Pajala, Fegita Beatrix

doi:10.5468/ogs.21265

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The results from this study are comparable to the results of a systematic review of 54 studies on PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying an overall prevalence of 33% [ 28 ]. These estimates are almost three times higher than the prevalence of PPD before the COVID-19 pandemic, estimated at 12% [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey

Boisvert,

Talarico,

Gandhi

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Pregnancy is a vulnerable time where the physical and social stress of the COVID-19 pandemic affects psychological health, including postpartum depression (PPD). This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of PPD and risk of suicidality among individuals who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We surveyed individuals who gave birth at The Ottawa Hospital and were ≥ 20 days postpartum, between March 17 and June 16, 2020. A PPD screen consisted of a score ≥ 13 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A score of 1, 2, or 3 on item 10 (“The thought of harming myself has occurred to me”) indicates risk of suicidality. If a participant scores greater than ≥ 13 or ≥ 1 on item 10 they were flagged for PPD, the Principal Investigator (DEC) was notified within 24 h of survey completion for a chart review and to assure follow-up. Modified Poisson multivariable regression models were used to identify factors associated with PPD and risk of suicidality using adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of the 216 respondents, 64 (30%) screened positive for PPD and 17 (8%) screened positive for risk of suicidality. The maternal median age of the total sample was 33 years (IQR: 30–36) and the infant median age at the time of the survey was 76 days (IQR: 66–90). Most participants reported some form of positive coping strategies during the pandemic (97%) (e.g. connecting with friends and family, exercising, getting professional help) and 139 (64%) reported negative coping patterns (e.g. over/under eating, sleep problems). In total, 47 (22%) had pre-pregnancy anxiety and/or depression. Negative coping (aRR:2.90, 95% CI: 1.56–5.37) and pre-existing anxiety/depression (aRR:2.03, 95% CI:1.32–3.11) were associated with PPD. Pre-existing anxiety/depression (aRR:3.16, 95% CI:1.28–7.81) was associated with risk of suicidality. Conclusions Almost a third of participants in this study screened positive for PPD and 8% for risk of suicidality. Mental health screening and techniques to foster positive coping skills/strategies are important areas to optimize postpartum mental health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey

Boisvert,

Talarico,

Gandhi

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Similarly, high rates of depression (32.7%) and anxiety (26.6%) were observed in postpartum women (Mateus et al., 2022). Meta‐analytic results confirm that pregnant people and parents experienced high rates of distress (70%), anxiety (18%–42%) and depression (25%–31%) during the pandemic (Adrianto et al., 2022; Fan et al., 2021; Ghazanfarpour et al., 2022; Sun et al., 2020). Parents faced a myriad of stressors associated with school and childcare closures, working from home, and limited access to community resources during the pandemic (Patrick et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions to daily life, including employment, education, health care, and social interactions. The stress of the pandemic has been associated with elevated mental health problems (i.e., depression, anxiety) across populations (Adrianto et al, 2022;Fan et al, 2021;Salari et al, 2020). Due to health care disruptions and school closures, preg-increased levels of stress among pregnant people during the COVID-19 pandemic (Lobel et al, 2022;López-Morales et al, 2021;Pope et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support buffers the impact of pregnancy stress on perceptions of parent–infant closeness during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Becker,

Atkinson,

Gonzalez

et al. 2024

Infant Mental Health Journal

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Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID‐19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent–child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID‐19 was associated with parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent–infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents’ perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β = .805, p = .029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent–infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent–infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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“…Pre-pandemic epidemiological studies have shown that PND is the most common postpartum disorder among women [33], reporting a worldwide incidence ranging from 6.5% to 25.8% until 2019 [34,35]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two recent meta-analyses [36,37] have reported prevalence rates of PND between 32.6% and 34%, evidencing a dramatic increase compared to the incidence found during the pre-pandemic period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Postnatal Depression in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on the Parent–Child Relationship and the Child’s Developmental Outcomes

Genova

Tambelli

Marzilli

2023

IJERPH

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The international literature has shown that maternal and paternal postnatal depression (PND) is one of the most common mental illnesses in the perinatal period, with significant consequences for parent–infant relationships and infant development. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the rates of prevalence of PND, exacerbating the mental health risk for new families. This systematic review aims to examine the effect of maternal and paternal PND on parent–infant relationships and children’s development in the first 36 months after childbirth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Eligible studies were identified using the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Of the 1252 studies considered, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that maternal PND significantly affected the quality of the early mother–infant relationship and the infant’s motor, self-regulation, and socio-emotional development. In addition, the detrimental impact of maternal PND on the quality of early mother–infant relationships seems to become stronger as COVID-19 concerns increase. No studies included fathers. These findings strengthened the importance of planning targeted prevention and treatment strategies to prevent PND and its short- and long-term consequences, especially in the case of stressful and traumatic events. They also suggested the urgent need for further exploration of fathers.

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Depression in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 95 publications

Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey

Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey

Social support buffers the impact of pregnancy stress on perceptions of parent–infant closeness during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Parental Postnatal Depression in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on the Parent–Child Relationship and the Child’s Developmental Outcomes

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