Deposition and investigation of functionally graded calcium phosphate coatings on titanium

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…As can be seen in Fig. 13, the CaPO 4 deposits consisted of three different layers, distinguishable by their crystalline features corresponding to various substrate temperatures during deposition [225]. Further details on the IBAD technique are available in the aforementioned references.…”

“…Then an ion implantation technique, with ions such as Ar + , N 2 + and O 2 + , is used to make them crystalline [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226]. A high bond strength associated with IBAD technique appears to be a consequence of an atomic intermixing interfacial layer, which can be up to a few microns thick.…”

“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 18 To sputter materials, several types of the techniques are used, such as: ion beam [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226], radio-frequency (RF) magnetron [227-244k], pulsed laser [58,75,232,, electroncyclotron-resonance plasma [266][267][268], diode, direct current and reactive sputtering or deposition [269,270]. However, since CaPO 4 belong to the electrically insulating materials, the last three techniques cannot be used for their spattering.…”

Calcium orthophosphate bioceramics

“…The final FA/ȕ-TCP graded structures were formed at 24 100 MPa and sintered at 1300 °C for 2 h [644]. CaPO 4 coatings with graded crystallinity were prepared as well [651].…”

Designing, fabrication and characterization of nanostructured functionally graded HAp/BCP ceramics

“…After the pioneer works of Japanese scientists on FGMs in the field of thermal barrier coatings and stress relief materials in the aerospace industry [1], this concept has been used for fabrication of various technological components, such as electrical [4,5] and electrochemical devices [6,7], as well as biomaterials [8][9][10]. Nowadays, functionally graded biomaterials represent an attractive class of materials having properties that cannot be attained in any spatially homogeneous materials [11], such as mechanical strength and biocompatibility, mainly through ceramic/metal [12] and ceramic/polymer FGMs [13]. Besides, ceramic/ceramic functionally graded biomaterials exhibit the advantage over substrate coatings in interfacial bonding quality and reduced thermal stresses during sintering [14].…”