Dependence of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower troposphere on meteorological factors such as  wind speed and stability

Peterson, Peter K.; Simpson, W. R.; Pratt, Kerri A.; Shepson, P. B.; Frieß, Udo; Zielcke, Johannes; Platt, U.; Walsh, Stephen J.; Nghiem, S. V.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2119-2015

Cited by 51 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Since the kinetic calculations used herein are based on observations performed under low wind conditions, these budgets may be considered as representative of the surroundings of each station. Figure 12 indicates that, in agreement with Peterson et al (2015), the presence of reactive bromine at both stations do not only correspond to advected bromine-enriched air masses or blowing snow. As expected from previous polar studies (e.g., Simpson et al, 2007 35 and references therein) and shown in Fig.…”

Section: Brox In Antarcticasupporting

confidence: 63%

“…For details on sources, sinks and historical background, the reader is kindly referred to the compendium works of e.g. Simpson et al (2007), Steffen et al (2008), Ariya et al (2015) and Simpson et al (2015) and references therein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reactions are summarized as: yielding the possibility that molecular bromine (Br2) transforms from the aqueous (aq) to the gas phase. When this is followed by the photolysis of Br2 into two bromine atoms, an autocatalytic release of bromine is triggered resulting in an exponential buildup of reactive bromine BrOx (Br + BrO) in the troposphere and the so-called "Bromine Explosions" events (e.g., Fan and Jacob, 1992;Platt and Lehrer, 1997;Wennberg, 1999;Simpson et al, 2015). These events were firstly observed in the Arctic 25 region by correlating the detection of filterable bromine with ODEs (e.g., Barrie et al, 1988) and, later on, by observing very high amount of BrO (tens of pmol mol -1 ) in the boundary layer just after the polar sunrise (e.g., Hausmann and Platt, 1994;Tuckermann et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through experimental and modelling studies, it is known that a set of heterogeneous reactions based on acidic substrates comprising hypobromus acid (HOBr) and brominde (Br -) take place in e.g. sea ice, open leads, brine, frost flowers, snowpacks or sea-salt aerosols (e.g., Fan and Jacob, 1992;Vogt et al, 1996;Platt and Lehrer, 1997;Abbatt et al, 2012;Pratt et al, 2013, Toyota et al, 2014Simpson et al, 2015, 15 Thompson et al, 2015, Custard et al, 2017Wang and Pratt, 2017). These reactions are summarized as: yielding the possibility that molecular bromine (Br2) transforms from the aqueous (aq) to the gas phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

Prados-Román¹,

Gómez²,

Puentedura³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract.For decades, reactive halogen species (RHS) have been subject of detailed scientific research due to their influence on the 20 oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and on the climate. From the RHS, those containing bromine are of particular interest in the polar troposphere as a result of their link to ozone depletion events (ODEs) and to the perturbation of the cycle of e.g. the toxic mercury. Given its remoteness and related limited accessibility compared to the Arctic region, the RHS in the Antarctic troposphere are still poorly characterized. This work presents ground-based observations of tropospheric BrO from two different Antarctic locations: Marambio (64º 13' S, 56º 37' W) and Belgrano II (77º 52' S, 34º 37' W) during the sunlit period 25 of 2015. By means of MAX-DOAS (Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements of BrO performed from the two research sites, the seasonal variation of this reactive trace gas is described along with its vertical and geographical distribution in the Antarctic environment. Results show an overall vertical profile of BrO mixing ratio decreasing with altitude, with a median value of 1.6 pmol mol -1 in the lowest layers of the troposphere and undetectable values above 2 km at both sites. Additionally, observations show that the polar sunrise triggers a heterogeneous increase of bromine content 30 in the Antarctic troposphere yielding a maximum BrO at Marambio (26 pmol mol -1 ), amounting threefold the values observed at Belgrano at dawn. Data presented herein are combined with previous studies and ancillary data to update and expand our knowledge of the geographical and vertical distribution of BrO in the Antarctic troposphere, revealing Marambio as one of the locations with highest BrO reported so far in Antarctica. Furthermore, the observations gathered during 2015 serve as a proxy to investigate the budget of reactive bromine (BrOx = Br + BrO) and the bromine-mediated ozone loss rate in the Antarctic 35 troposphere.

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Section: Brox In Antarcticasupporting

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

Prados-Román¹,

Gómez²,

Puentedura³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The meteorological satellites observe the surface of the earth and the atmosphere from outer space [3] [4]. They are characterized by high observational areas, wide observation areas and high frequency of observation [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Precise Forecast and Application of Time Delay Receiving Schedule for a New Generation of Polar Orbit Meteorological Satellite

Cheng¹,

Lin²,

Fan³

2018

JGIS

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In order to finely predict the receiving schedule of the new generation of polar orbit meteorological satellite time-delay data and solve the problem of rapid positioning of lost data, this paper studies and proposes the satellite data recording and satellite program-controlled program, and designs the delay data receiving timeline precision forecasting method. It is concluded that the detection load of polar orbit meteorological satellite in our country has developed from single load to multiple loads, and the detection data need to be downloaded to the ground for processing and application. And as the satellite load increases and the accuracy of each payload detection and channel increases, the amount of probing data will further increase, which in turn will require further increase of the speed of data transmission in the earth. Due to the limitation of the space data transmission frequency band, under the prior art system, the increase of the satellite data transmission rate is limited. On the basis of understanding the working principle of Fengyun-3, the new transmission system will be implemented in terms of data source compression, channel coding, modulation and polarization multiplexing by exploring new weather transmission systems for meteorological satellites in the future upgrade and at the same time analyze ways to avoid inter-satellite interference in order to solve the contradiction between the increase of data volume and the resource of terrestrial data transmission in the existing system.

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A case study of a transported bromine explosion event in the Canadian high arctic

et al. 2016

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Ozone depletion events in the polar troposphere have been linked to extremely high concentrations of bromine, known as bromine explosion events (BEE). However, the optimum meteorological conditions for the occurrence of these events remain uncertain. On 4-5 April 2011, a combination of both blowing snow and a stable shallow boundary layer was observed during a BEE at Eureka, Canada (86.4°W, 80.1°N). Measurements made by a Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy spectrometer were used to retrieve BrO profiles and partial columns. During this event, the near-surface BrO volume mixing ratio increased to~20 parts per trillion by volume, while ozone was depleted to~1 ppbv from the surface to 700 m. Back trajectories and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 satellite tropospheric BrO columns confirmed that this event originated from a bromine explosion over the Beaufort Sea. From 30 to 31 March, meteorological data showed high wind speeds (24 m/s) and elevated boundary layer heights (~800 m) over the Beaufort Sea. Long-distance transportation (~1800 km over 5 days) to Eureka indicated strong recycling of BrO within the bromine plume. This event was generally captured by a global chemistry-climate model when a sea-salt bromine source from blowing snow was included. A model sensitivity study indicated that the surface BrO at Eureka was controlled by both local photochemistry and boundary layer dynamics. Comparison of the model results with both ground-based and satellite measurements confirmed that the BEE observed at Eureka was triggered by transport of enhanced BrO from the Beaufort Sea followed by local production/recycling under stable atmospheric shallow boundary layer conditions.

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Dependence of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower troposphere on meteorological factors such as wind speed and stability

Cited by 51 publications

References 67 publications

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

Precise Forecast and Application of Time Delay Receiving Schedule for a New Generation of Polar Orbit Meteorological Satellite

A case study of a transported bromine explosion event in the Canadian high arctic

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