“…Besides the assistance charge separation, the incorporation of metals into lattices or onto surface of TiO 2 could also induce visible light activities, which is generally based on four mechanisms. The first one, metal nanoparticles, such as Au, Ag or Cu, possess strong plasmonic resonance absorption in the range of visible light, which would induce electron transfer from noble metals to the conduction band of TiO 2 and initiate photocatalytic reactions [23][24][25]. Secondly, metal ions entering into TiO 2 crystal lattices would narrow the band gaps and enable its visible light activity.…”