Dependence of clinopyroxene composition on cooling rate in basaltic magmas: Implications for thermobarometry

Mollo, Silvio; Gaudio, P. Del; Ventura, Guido; Iezzi, Gianluca; Scarlato, Piergiorgio

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.05.006

Cited by 135 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Supplementary Information Table S-6 for equations, ranges, references, and selection criteria). As noted by Mollo et al (2010), single-cpx barometers can outperform liquid-based models for volatile-rich alkaline compositions. The single-cpx barometer for hydrous systems yields an average uncertainty of 0.17 versus 0.28 GPa for the cpx-liquid model of Putirka et al (2003) for the compiled experiments, placing a lower bound of pressures recorded by TSC cpx at below 0.8 GPa, within the uppermost lithospheric mantle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Magma dynamics of ancient Mt. Etna inferred from clinopyroxene isotopic and trace element systematics

Miller¹,

Myers²,

Fahnestock³

et al. 2017

Geochem. Persp. Let.

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Dynamic magmatic processes driving volcanic eruptions, including melting, fractionation, and assimilation, provide critical insights into plumbing systems supporting long-lived magmatism. Here we describe an approach combining in situ elemental analyses in clinopyroxene phenocrysts, integrated thermobarometry models, and bulk crystalline Hf, Nd, and Pb isotopic studies to reconstruct a key period of ancient eruptions of Mount Etna (Sicily), Europe's largest, most active volcano. Trace element signatures recorded in clinopyroxene from 220 to 100 ka are consistent with derivation from a heterogeneous mantle of hydrated peridotite and ~10 % pyroxenite, also consistent with sources feeding recent Etna eruptions. Isotopic data from Mount Etna alkaline lava clinopyroxene, crystallised between 0.5 and 0.2 GPa, insignificantly vary from whole rock values, ruling out substantive assimilation of material during magma ascent from the onset of clinopyroxene fractionation through the mid-crust, storage, and eruption. Together, our results suggest that varying contributions of well-mixed hydrated peridotite and pyroxenite melts have been consistent features of magma assembly beneath Mt. Etna since the development of ancient alkaline centres.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Magma dynamics of ancient Mt. Etna inferred from clinopyroxene isotopic and trace element systematics

Miller¹,

Myers²,

Fahnestock³

et al. 2017

Geochem. Persp. Let.

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“…that the hygrometer may be correctly applied? Mollo et al (2010Mollo et al ( , 2013aMollo et al ( , 2013b conducted anhydrous experiments on different Etnean trachybasaltic melts at atmospheric pressure, 1000-1100 °C, and QFM-NNO+1.5 buffer. These anhydrous compositions are not part of the calibration data set of Equation 2 and, therefore, can be used as test data (Supplementary 1 Data Table 4S).…”

Section: Component Calculation Calibration Data Set and Regression mentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved clinopyroxene-based hygrometer for Etnean magmas and implications for eruption triggering mechanisms

Perinelli

Mollo

Gaeta

et al. 2016

American Mineralogist

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We have refined the clinopyroxene-based hygrometer published by Armienti et al. (2013) for a better quantitative understanding of the role of H 2 O in the differentiation of Etnean magmas. The original calibration data set has been significantly improved by including several experimental clinopyroxene compositions that closely reproduce those found in natural Etnean products. To verify the accuracy of the model, some randomly selected experimental clinopyroxene compositions external to the calibration data set have been used as test data. Through a statistic algorithm based on the Mallows' C P criterion, we also check that all model parameters do not cause data overfitting, or systematic error.The application of the refined hygrometer to the Mt. Etna 2011-2013 lava fountains indicates that most of the decreases in H 2 O content occur at P < 100 MPa, in agreement with melt inclusion data suggesting abundant H 2 O degassing at shallow crustal levels during magma ascent in the conduit and eruption to the surface.

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“…Lentini, 1982;Grasso and Lentini, 1982;Pedley and Grasso, 1992), Mt. Vesuvius (Bruno et al, 1998;Iacono-Marziano et al, 2009), the Colli Albani volcanic district (Chiodini and Frondini, 2001;Iacono-Marziano et al, 2007;Freda et al, 2008;Gaeta et al, 2009;Mollo et al, 2010a) and the Campi Flegrei volcanic district (D'Antonio, 2011) in Italy, Popocatépetl volcano (Goff et al, 2001) and the Colima volcanic complex (Norini et al, 2010), both Mexico, Yellowstone volcanic system, USA (Werner and Brantley, 2003) and Merapi, Indonesia (Chadwick et al, 2007;Deegan et al, 2010;Troll et al, 2012). It becomes clear therefore, that an important element of volcano stability must focus on the understanding of the potential thermally-induced weakening of rock representative of the carbonate successions present under active volcanoes.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geochemical signature of magma-carbonate interaction can sometimes be seen within volcanic products, and is known as "carbonate assimilation" (e.g., Wenzel et al, 2002;Barnes et al, 2005;Gaeta et al, 2006;Piochi et al, 2006;Chadwick et al, 2007;Freda et al, 2008;Deegan et al, 2010;Mollo et al, 2010a). Recent petrological studies have documented in detail that magma contamination is marked by the overgrowth of Ca-rich phases (mainly calcic clinopyroxene) on primary minerals (essentially olivine); as a result, the magma becomes progressively depleted in silica and enriched in alkalis.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in the release of CO 2 and Carich fluids (Ague, 2003) that are strongly controlled by the development of permeability within the rocks (Balashov and Yardley, 1998;Buick and Cartwright, 2000). Recently, Gaeta et al (2009) and Mollo et al (2010a) have provided new insights into the large-scale, magmacarbonate interaction processes occurring in magma chambers during magmatic contamination and differentiation. Mollo et al (2010a) proposed that carbonate assimilation is a three-phase (solid, melt, and fluid) process whose main products are: diopside-CaTs clinopyroxene solid solution, silica-undersaturated CaO-Al 2 O 3 -rich melt, and C-O-H fluid phase.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

Heap

Mollo

Vinciguerra

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The physical integrity of a sub-volcanic basement is crucial in controlling the stability of a volcanic edifice. For many volcanoes, this basement can comprise thick sequences of carbonates that are prone to significant thermally-induced alteration. These debilitating thermal reactions, facilitated by heat from proximal magma storage volumes, promote the weakening of the rock mass and likely therefore encourage edifice instability. Such instability can result in slow, gravitational spreading and episodic to continuous slippage of unstable flanks, and may also facilitate catastrophic flank collapse. Understanding the propensity of a particular sub-volcanic basement to such instability requires a detailed understanding of the influence of high temperatures on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the rocks involved. The juxtaposition of a thick carbonate substratum and magmatic heat sources makes Mt. Etna volcano an ideal candidate for our study. We investigated experimentally the effect of temperature on two carbonate rocks that have been chosen to represent the deep, heterogeneous sedimentary substratum under Mt. Etna volcano. This study has demonstrated that thermalstressing resulted in a progressive and significant change in the physical properties of the two rocks. Porosity, wet (i.e., water-saturated) dynamic Poisson's ratio and wet Vp/Vs ratio all increased, whilst P-and S-wave velocities, bulk sample density, dynamic and static Young's modulus, dry Vp/Vs ratio, and dry dynamic Poisson's ratio all decreased. At temperatures of 800 °C, the carbonate in these rocks completely dissociated, resulting in a total mass loss of about 45% and the release of about 44 wt.% of CO 2 . Uniaxial deformation experiments showed that high in-situ temperatures (> 500°C) significantly reduced the strength of the carbonates and altered their deformation behaviour. Above 500 °C the rocks deformed in a ductile manner and A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTthe output of acoustic emissions was greatly reduced. We speculate that thermally-induced weakening and the ductile behaviour of the carbonate substratum could be a key factor in explaining the large-scale deformation observed at Mt. Etna volcano. Our findings are consistent with several field observations at Mt. Etna volcano and can quantitatively support the interpretation of (1) the irregularly low seismic velocity zones present within the sub-volcanic sedimentary basement, (2) the anomalously high CO 2 degassing observed, (3) the anomalously high Vp/Vs ratios and the rapid migration of fluids, and (4) the increasing instability of volcanic edifices in the lifespan of a magmatic system. We speculate that carbonate sub-volcanic basement may emerge as one of the decisive fundamentals in controlling volcanic stability.

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Dependence of clinopyroxene composition on cooling rate in basaltic magmas: Implications for thermobarometry

Cited by 135 publications

References 42 publications

Magma dynamics of ancient Mt. Etna inferred from clinopyroxene isotopic and trace element systematics

Magma dynamics of ancient Mt. Etna inferred from clinopyroxene isotopic and trace element systematics

An improved clinopyroxene-based hygrometer for Etnean magmas and implications for eruption triggering mechanisms

Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

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