Deoxidation with silicon and the control of oxide inclusions in electrical steels

Assessment of Si–O Equilibria and Nonmetallic Inclusion Characteristics in High Silicon Steels

“…Thus, there could be presence of the inclusions in analytical samples, which often increase the oxygen level. The e Si O was calculated from ε Si O using Lupis' relationship; b) log K was calculated from the expression of ln K [14] by changing the Raoultian standard state of Si and O activity to 1 wt % standard state; c) log K was calculated from the expression of ΔG O . [29] www.advancedsciencenews.com l www.steel-research.de steel research int.…”

“…Matoba et al [13] carried out the experiments (induction furnace for melting, quenching method for sampling) at 1898 K (instead of 1873 K), which could also be the reason for the relatively higher TO content. Shibaev et al [9,14] emphasized that surface contamination/presence of silica pieces in the samples should be minimal. The steel samples, in their experiments, were suctioned using a quartz tube during induction furnace experiments.…”

“…[20] Therefore, the decrease in O content would not be sharper as reported previously. [14] The primary inclusions will inevitably form during deoxidation. These primary inclusions grow and float toward the top.…”

“…[3,6,8] Although Al deoxidation of liquid steel has been widely studied, [2] the studies on Si-O deoxidation equilibria of liquid steel are somewhat limited. [1,9,10] Over the past several decades, many authors [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14] measured the total oxygen (TO) content in equilibrium with silicon content in liquid steel using high-temperature experiments and thermodynamic analysis. TO of steel melt can be defined as the sum of the dissolved oxygen content and the insoluble oxygen (oxygen present in the form of oxides/inclusions).…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the experimental parameters used in the previous studies to assess the Si–O deoxidation equilibria. [ 1,9–14 ] In general, the O content decreases with increasing Si content. In most of these studies, the Si‐concentration range was limited to ≈1.5 wt%.…”