Densification in suburban Germany: approaching policy and space through concepts of justice

Jehling, Mathias; Schorcht, Martin; Hartmann, Thomas

doi:10.3828/tpr.2020.13

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Jehling et al (2020) engage with some of these issues in their study of densification in the Frankfurt region between 2012 and 2017. Using an automated GIS approach, they produce a spatially fine-grained analysis of change in building coverage – their selected measure of density – within existing urban areas over that period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only this combination will determine whether a particular policy regime aimed at achieving more compact, denser cities is increasing or decreasing urban spatial justice. Jehling et al (2020) engage with some of these issues in their study of densification in the Frankfurt region between 2012 and 2017. Using an automated GIS approach, they produce a spatially fine-grained analysis of change in building coverage -their selected measure of density -within existing urban areas over that period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the measure does not capture the physical form or the use of the buildings in question. Consequently, Jehling et al (2020) could draw only broad conclusions about the extent to which the revealed pattern of densification has contributed to utilitarian justice, libertarian justice and social justice. They were unable to '.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Incremental residential densification and urban spatial justice: The case of England between 2001 and 2011

2020

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Study of the relation between urban density and social equity has been based mostly upon comparative analysis at the city level. It therefore fails to address variations in intra-urban experience and sheds no light on the process of urban densification. Incremental residential development is particularly poorly recorded and under-researched, yet cumulatively it makes a substantial contribution to the supply of dwellings. The article presents a detailed examination of this form of development in England between 2001 and 2011, and considers its impact on urban spatial justice. We find that the incidence of soft residential densification was very uneven. It had disproportionately large effects on neighbourhoods that were already densely developed and that were characterised by lower income households with access to relatively little residential space. It thus contributed to an increase in the level of inequality in the distribution of residential space, increasing socio-spatial injustice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Incremental residential densification and urban spatial justice: The case of England between 2001 and 2011

2020

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“…While there is still room to optimise the algorithm for the delineation of building groups and more complex street constellations, even in its current form the method already offers a wide range of applications, for example to help assess regional or interregional in-fill development potentials [85], Tracking of densification processes [119] as well as in the calculation of related indicators such as the ratio of inner/outer zone development [84]. Further, the UGBs can even play an important role in the development and testing of new planning instruments such as building certificates [87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Delineation of Urban Growth Boundaries Based on Topographic Data Using Germany as a Case Study

Harig

Hecht

Burghardt

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where growth should be concentrated in order to avoid urban sprawl. The objective of such a boundary is to protect agricultural land, open spaces and the natural environment, as well as to use existing infrastructure and public services more efficiently. Due to the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of settlements, UGBs in Germany are currently created manually by experts. Therefore, every dataset is linked to a specific area, investigation period and dedicated use. Clearly, up-to-date, homogeneous, meaningful and cost-efficient delineations created automatically are needed to avoid this reliance on manually or semi-automatically generated delineations. Here, we present an aggregative method to produce UGBs using building footprints and generally available topographic data as inputs. It was applied to study areas in Frankfurt/Main, the Hanover region and rural Brandenburg while taking full account of Germany’s planning and legal framework for spatial development. Our method is able to compensate for most of the weaknesses of available UGB data and to significantly raise the accuracy of UGBs in Germany. Therefore, it represents a valuable tool for generating basic data for future studies. Application elsewhere is also conceivable by regionalising the employed parameters.

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“…Addressing urban form at the building level, where public policies and private interests interact and then analysing the "emergent" urban structures (Barth elemy, 2016), could open up new ways for land policy assessment. However, while quantitative studies exist that address the effects of specific land policies on urban form at the building level (Jehling et al, 2018(Jehling et al, , 2020Koomen et al, 2018), their application to national comparisons is challenging due to different underlying official data sets. In particular, due to the different geometric and semantic representation schemes, the buildings are often not comparable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do land policies make a difference? A data-driven approach to trace effects on urban form in France and Germany

Jehling

Hecht

2021

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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Against the backdrop of rapidly expanding urban structures, land policies in many countries have been adapted to contain and redirect growth to existing urban structures. However, obstacles remain to measure the effects of policies. In the meantime, geoinformation technologies have given rise to a wide range of approaches to measure and describe urban form. Nevertheless, its application for the assessment of land policy has a high, but not yet fully exploited, potential. It is thus the aim of this research to address and investigate the options of spatial analysis and machine learning in particular to analyse urban form from a land policy perspective. To do so, we develop urban metrics informed by urban planning and land readjustment policies of two countries describing urban form on different spatial levels. We therefore formulate hypotheses on causal relations between policy and form. Based on the metrics, we apply the random forest algorithm to classify the building stock of the region. We then extract the residential areas, those with single-family houses, as this is where the effects of the policy are considered most visible. In a next step, we use random forest to predict the nationality of a building. Through variable importance measures, we identify and discuss urban morphological differences between the two countries and test the hypotheses on effects of land policies. We develop and test the approach for the French-German city-region of Strasbourg using OpenStreetMap data. We identify significant differences in the building coverage ratios, which tend to be higher in Germany. This can be linked to differences in planning regulations. Furthermore, German residential areas appear to be more diverse in urban form. Differences in land readjustment policies have proven to be plausible here, as French policies favour strong actors that develop residential areas more uniformly. In Germany, policies favour fragmented ownership-oriented development of residential areas. The metrics and the applied algorithm for building classification have proven to be robust in terms of data heterogeneity and have shown high levels of accuracy. They could also be successfully used for tracing causal relations.

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Densification in suburban Germany: approaching policy and space through concepts of justice

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Incremental residential densification and urban spatial justice: The case of England between 2001 and 2011

Incremental residential densification and urban spatial justice: The case of England between 2001 and 2011

Automatic Delineation of Urban Growth Boundaries Based on Topographic Data Using Germany as a Case Study

Do land policies make a difference? A data-driven approach to trace effects on urban form in France and Germany

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