Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Allergy: Uptake, Proteolytic Processing and Presentation of Allergens

Humeniuk, Piotr; Dubiela, Pawel; Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Karin

doi:10.3390/ijms18071491

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The key players are the dendritic cells, which are equipped with pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, allowing the detection of foreign agents. Dendritic cells can locate allergens ( Humeniuk et al, 2017 ; Morianos and Semitekolou, 2020 ). In a physiological state, the allergens are neutral and do not activate any further cascade.…”

Section: The Respiratory Tract As Protection From Foreign Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Probiotic Bacteria on Respiratory Allergy Disorders

Jakubczyk

Górska

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Respiratory allergy is a common disease with an increased prevalence worldwide. The effective remedy is still unknown, and a new therapeutic approach is highly desirable. The review elaborates the influence of probiotic bacteria on respiratory allergy prevention and treatment with particular emphasis on the impact of the current methods of their administration – oral and intranasal. The background of the respiratory allergy is complex thus, we focused on the usefulness of probiotics in the alleviation of different allergy factors, in particular involved in pathomechanism, local hypersensitive evidence and the importance of epithelial barrier. In this review, we have shown that (1) probiotic strains may vary in modulatory potential in respiratory allergy, (2) probiotic bacteria are beneficial in oral and intranasal administration, (3) recombinant probiotic bacteria can modulate the course of respiratory allergy.

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Section: The Respiratory Tract As Protection From Foreign Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Probiotic Bacteria on Respiratory Allergy Disorders

Jakubczyk

Górska

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Dendritic cells are highly specified in antigen sampling, processing and presentation to memory and naïve T-cells and they form a strong network of surveillance at sites of antigen entrance such as epithelial and mucosal linings of skin, alimentary and urogenital tract, and airways [78]. Their function is to keep the balance between host defense and tolerance; however, if an allergen is recognized as potentially harmful it is processed and presented to naïve T-cells in lymph nodes leading potentially to a Th2 type inflammatory reaction.…”

Section: Hematopoietic Pgds Expression In Leukocytes and Parenchymmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D2 Synthase in Allergic Inflammation

Rittchen

Heinemann

2019

Cells

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Worldwide, there is a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases, and novel efficient therapeutic approaches are still needed to alleviate disease burden. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) has emerged as a central inflammatory lipid mediator associated with increased migration, activation and survival of leukocytes in various allergy-associated disorders. In the periphery, the hematopoietic PGD synthase (hPGDS) acts downstream of the arachidonic acid/COX pathway catalysing the isomerisation of PGH2 to PGD2, which makes it an interesting target to treat allergic inflammation. Although much effort has been put into developing efficient hPGDS inhibitors, no compound has made it to the market yet, which indicates that more light needs to be shed on potential PGD2 sources and targets to determine which particular condition and patient will benefit most and thereby improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we want to revisit current knowledge about hPGDS function, expression in allergy-associated cell types and their contribution to PGD2 levels as well as beneficial effects of hPGDS inhibition in allergic asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, gastrointestinal allergic disorders and anaphylaxis.

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“…Immature DCs capture antigens by several distinct mechanisms, including “non-specific” internalization by macropinocytosis and “specific” uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis ( 4 ). Importantly, the endocytic process by which antigens are internalized not only determines the intracellular trafficking of the antigen but also influences the type of T-cell epitope being presented on MHC molecules ( 6 ). Previous studies showed that macropinocytosis is distinct in many ways from receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PKCδ-Mediated Nox2 Activation Promotes Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of Antigens by Immature Dendritic Cells

et al. 2018

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AimsMacropinocytosis is a major endocytic pathway by which dendritic cells (DCs) internalize antigens in the periphery. Despite the importance of DCs in the initiation and control of adaptive immune responses, the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis of antigens remain largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in stimulation of DC macropinocytosis and, if so, to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) and downstream signaling mechanisms involved.MethodsVarious cellular, molecular and immunological techniques, pharmacological approaches and genetic knockout mice were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis.ResultsConfocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that DCs internalize fluorescent antigens (ovalbumin) using macropinocytosis. Pharmacological blockade of classical and novel PKC isoforms using calphostin C abolished both phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor-induced antigen macropinocytosis in DCs. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the dominant PKC isoform in DCs. Genetic studies demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in DC macropinocytosis of antigens, their subsequent maturation, and secretion of various T-cell stimulatory cytokines, including IL-1α, TNF-α and IFN-β. Additional mechanistic studies identified NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and intracellular superoxide anion as important players in DC macropinocytosis of antigens downstream of PKCδ activation.ConclusionThe findings of the present study demonstrate a novel mechanism by which PKCδ activation via stimulation of Nox2 activity and downstream redox signaling promotes DC macropinocytosis of antigens. PKCδ/Nox2-mediated antigen macropinocytosis stimulates maturation of DCs and secretion of T-cell stimulatory cytokines. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in DC macropinocytosis and downstream regulation of T-cell-mediated responses.

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Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Allergy: Uptake, Proteolytic Processing and Presentation of Allergens

Cited by 59 publications

References 86 publications

Impact of Probiotic Bacteria on Respiratory Allergy Disorders

Impact of Probiotic Bacteria on Respiratory Allergy Disorders

Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D2 Synthase in Allergic Inflammation

PKCδ-Mediated Nox2 Activation Promotes Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of Antigens by Immature Dendritic Cells

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