Dendrimers in Oncology: An Expanding Horizon

Tekade, Rakesh K.; Kumar, Palanirajan Vijayaraj; Jain, Narendra Kumar

doi:10.1021/cr068212n

Cited by 439 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 350 publications

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“…[16] Furthermore, the negative charges on the sulfonate groups should enhance the biocompatibility of the dye-dendron conjugates because negatively charged dendrimers are less toxic than their positively charged analogues. [35,36] Synthesis of the aminocyanine dyes: The chlorocyanine dye was synthesized in three steps from 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine (1), cyclohexanone (2), and 1,3-propane sultone (3) in close analogy to the literature (Scheme 2). [15,16] The heptamethine chain of 6 was assembled from the aldol-like condensation of the indolinium salt 4 and the iminium salt 5 (Scheme 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Aminocyanine Dyes with Polyamide Dendrons: A Promising Strategy for Imaging in the Near‐Infrared Region

Ornelas

Lodescar

Durandin

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

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Cyanine dyes are known for their fluorescence in the near-IR (NIR) region, which is desirable for biological applications. We report the synthesis of a series of aminocyanine dyes containing terminal functional groups such as acid, azide, and cyclooctyne groups for further functionalization through, for example, click chemistry. These aminocyanine dyes can be attached to polyfunctional dendrons by copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), strain-promoted azide alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), peptide coupling, or direct S(NR)1 reactions. The resulting dendron-dye conjugates were obtained in high yields and displayed high chemical stability and photostability. The optical properties of the new compounds were studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. All compounds show large Stokes shifts and strong fluorescence in the NIR region with high quantum yields, which are optimal properties for in vivo optical imaging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Aminocyanine Dyes with Polyamide Dendrons: A Promising Strategy for Imaging in the Near‐Infrared Region

Ornelas

Lodescar

Durandin

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

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“…Their potential advantages include a more defined chemical composition, tailored surface multivalency and creation of defined 3D architectures. [27][28][29][30] The combination of CO-releasing agents and nano-sized carriers was first used in a micellar system and in functionalised SiO 2 nano-particles. [31,32] We are interested in metal-based compounds for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Conjugates of Photoinducible CO‐Releasing Molecules

et al. 2011

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Keywords: Carbon monoxide / Carbonyl ligands / Polymer conjugates / Manganese / EPR effect / Cytotoxicity CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) were coordinated to polymeric carrier systems for passive transport to tumour tissue or sites of inflammation, as described by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The developed conjugates consist of an organometallic fac-Mn(CO) 3 fragment, which is bound to a methacrylate or methacrylamide polymer backbone by bis(pyridylmethyl)amine-type ligands. The resulting Mn(CO) 3 -polymer conjugates were investigated as photoinducible CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs). Furthermore, three model complexes [LMn(CO) 3 ]O 2 SCF 3

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“…One family of potential delivery vehicles are dendrimers which are monodispersed polymers, spherical in shape and which are be easily functionalised with a range of biologically relevant groups (NH 2 or COOH), making them ideal for drug delivery applications [7][8][9]. The number of surface groups on a dendrimer is dependent on the number of cascading branches;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anionic half generation 3.5–6.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as delivery vehicles for the active component of the anticancer drug cisplatin

Kirkpatrick

Plumb

Sutcliffe

et al. 2011

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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Title: Evaluation of anionic half generation 3.5-6.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as delivery vehicles for the active component of the anticancer drug cisplatin Article Type: Regular Paper Keywords: cancer; platinum; PAMAM dendrimer; cisplatin; guanosine; cytotoxicity; diffusion NMR. Abstract: Aquated cisplatin was added to half-generation PAMAM dendrimers and the resultant complexes were purified by centrifuge. The drug-dendrimer complexes were then characterised by 1-D and diffusion 1H NMR y and ICP-AES. The amount of drug bound was found to increase in proportion with dendrimer size: G3.5, 22 cis-{Pt(NH3)2}molecules per dendrimer; G4.5, 37; G5.5, 54; and G6.5, 94, which represent only a fraction of the available binding sites on each dendrimer (68, 58, 42 and 37%, respectively). Drug release studies showed that some drug remains bound to the dendrimer even after prolonged incubation with 5'GMP at temperatures of 60 oC for over a week (percentage of drug released 18, 30, 35 and 63%, respectively). Attachment of the drug was found to decrease the radius of the dendrimers. Finally, the effect of the dendrimer on drug cytotoxicity was determined using in vitro assays with the A2780, A2780cis and A2780cp ovarian cancer cell lines. The free dendrimers display no cytotoxicity whilst the drug-dendrimer complexes showed moderate activity. In vivo activity was examined using an A2780 tumour xenograft. Cisplatin, at its maximum tolerated dose of 6 mg/kg, reduced tumour size by 33% compared to an untreated control group. The G6.5 cisplatin-dendrimer complex was administered at two doses (6 and 8 mg/kg equivalent of cisplatin). Both were well tolerated by the mice. The lower dose displayed comparable activity to cisplatin with a tumour volume reduction of 32%, but the higher dose was significantly more active than free cisplatin with a tumour reduction of 45%. We have revised the manuscript taking into account all your listed corrections and stylistic requirements.As siDNA and PBS were used only once in the manuscript we have now written these in full and not used them as abbreviations.For simplicity, we have made figure 5 just black and white and have changed the figure caption to reflect this. G4.5, 37; G5.5, 54; and G6.5, 94, which represent only a fraction of the available binding sites on each dendrimer (68, 58, 42 and 37%, respectively). Drug release studies showed that some drug remains bound to the dendrimer even after prolonged incubation with 5'GMP at temperatures of 60 o C for over a week (percentage of drug released 18, 30, 35 and 63%, respectively). Attachment of the drug was found to decrease the radius of the dendrimers. Finally, the effect of the dendrimer on drug cytotoxicity was determined using in vitro assays with the A2780, A2780cis and A2780cp ovarian cancer cell lines. The free dendrimers display no cytotoxicity whilst the drug-dendrimer complexes showed moderate activity. In vivo activity was examined using an A2780 tumour xenograft. Cisplatin, at its maximum tolerated dose of 6 mg/kg, reduced tu...

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Dendrimers in Oncology: An Expanding Horizon

Cited by 439 publications

References 350 publications

Combining Aminocyanine Dyes with Polyamide Dendrons: A Promising Strategy for Imaging in the Near‐Infrared Region

Combining Aminocyanine Dyes with Polyamide Dendrons: A Promising Strategy for Imaging in the Near‐Infrared Region

Polymer Conjugates of Photoinducible CO‐Releasing Molecules

Evaluation of anionic half generation 3.5–6.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as delivery vehicles for the active component of the anticancer drug cisplatin

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