Demonstration of Reliable High-Rate Optical Communication over an Atmospheric Link using ARQ

Schieler, Curt; Garg, Ajay S.; Bilyeu, Bryan C.; Wang, Jade P.

doi:10.1109/icsos45490.2019.8978989

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We close the paper by pointing out that the use of the optical technology in leg-2 has not been addressed in this work for several reasons, including: (1) The significant impact of the atmospheric effects, potentially quite severe especially at low elevation angles; (2) Problems arising in the spacecraft pointing accuracy, as an optical uplink beacon would be significantly affected (much more than the downlink) by scintillation and beam wandering, again due to the Earth atmosphere; (3) The fact that the technology for L4/L5-toground optical links is not as mature and consolidated as it is for inter-satellite links or as the RF one [40]. It is however undoubted that the technological development of optical communications is currently gaining a momentum, as witnessed by the intensified standardization activities within the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and by a set of in-orbit demonstrators and missions from several space agencies, including ESA HydRON [41], NASA TBIRD [42], and DLR Osiris [43]. The analysis of RF-optical or optical-optical two-leg deep space relay systems is therefore an important challenging direction of further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Leg Deep Space Relay Architectures: Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives

Modenini¹,

Locarini²,

Valentini³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this paper, architectures for interplanetary communications that feature the use of a data relay are investigated. In the considered "two-leg" architecture, a spacecraft orbiting the Earth, or in orbit at a Lagrange point, receives data from a deep space probe (leg-1) and relays them towards ground (leg-2). Different wireless technologies for the interplanetary link, namely, radio frequencies above the Ka band and optical frequencies, are considered. Moreover, the cases of transparent and regenerative relaying as well as different different orbital configurations are addressed, offering a thorough analysis of such systems from different viewpoints. Results show that, under certain constraints in terms of pointing accuracy and onboard antenna size, the adoption of a two-leg architecture can achieve the data rates supported by direct space-to-Earth link configurations with remarkably smaller ground station antennas. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE use of extremely high radio frequency (RF) bands or optical frequencies in wireless digital communication systems is known to potentially allow achieving very high data rates, compared with the ones achievable at lower frequencies, for the same error rate performance. Such extremely high frequency bands are, however, seldom employed in deep space communication links due to their vulnerability to atmospheric impairments. They may, nevertheless, provide several advantages in deep space telemetry (TM) and telecommand (TC) links in the framework of a "two-leg" relay architecture. Accordingly, a spacecraft (S/C) orbiting the Earth or in orbit at a Lagrange point would receive TM data from a deep space probe and would relay them to the ground station (G/S). The deep space to relay link, not affected by the Earth atmosphere, may take advantage of an extremely high frequency band, e.g., frequencies between Ka-band ones and 75 GHz (which include the Q/V band), or the optical band, while the second link

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Leg Deep Space Relay Architectures: Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives

Modenini¹,

Locarini²,

Valentini³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…For reliable satellite/aerial communications, in addition to ECC schemes, ARQ protocols have been investigated for inter-HAPs [64], [65] and satellite [74] systems. The link distances of such communication systems are typically a few hundreds of kilometers, resulting in high latency [93].…”

Section: B Arq Protocols In Fso Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such high-speed FSO connectivity, if the ARQ protocol is adequately designed, the resulting communication system will be genuinely error-free. In [74], Schieler et al successfully demonstrated the errorfree FSO communications using SR-ARQ protocol at the data rate close to 100 Gbps in various atmospheric turbulence conditions. To achieve that extremely high data rate, the ARQ's frame size is designed to be as large as 10 MB so that the window size is shorter and close to the fading channel coherence time, which varies from 1 ms to 100 ms (a condition generally observed at night).…”

Section: B Arq Protocols In Fso Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link-Layer Retransmission-based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Le¹

2022

Preprint

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Free-space optical (FSO) communications have gained significant interest over the last few years, thanks to the capability to transport extremely high-speed data over long distances without exhausting radio frequency (RF) resources. FSO communication is widely considered in various network scenarios, such as inter-satellite/deep-space links, ground-station/vehicles, satellite/aerial links, or terrestrial links. It is expected to be a key enabling technology for the next generation of 6G wireless networks. Nevertheless, despite the great potential of FSO communications, its performance suffers from various limitations and challenges: atmospheric turbulence, clouds, weather conditions, and pointing misalignment. The error-control solutions, including physical layer (PHY) and link-layer methods, aim to mitigate the transmission errors caused by such adverse issues. While the existing surveys on error-control solutions in FSO systems primarily focussed on the PHY methods, we instead provide a review of link-layer solutions. In particular, we conduct an extensive literature survey of state-of-the-art retransmission protocols, both automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ), for various FSO communication scenarios, including point-to-point terrestrial, cooperative, multi-hop relaying, hybrid FSO/RF, satellite/aerial, and deep-space systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of recent literature and insightful discussion on the cross-layer design frameworks related to link-layer retransmission protocols in FSO communication networks. Finally, the lessons learned, design guidelines, related open issues, and future research directions are exposed.

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“…For reliable satellite/aerial communications, ARQ protocols have been investigated for inter-HAPs [58], [81] and satellite [65] systems. The link distances of such communication systems are typically a few hundreds of kilometers, resulting in high latency [82].…”

Section: ) Satellite/aerial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ARQ over Satellite-Ground FSO Links: A challenging issue on the design of ARQ protocols is the capability to support extremely high data rate (i.e., the order of tens of Gbps up to Tbps) over the long-distance of satellite communications, e.g., the NASA's Terabyte Infrared Delivery program [83]. In [65], Schieler et al successfully demonstrated the error-free FSO communications using SR-ARQ protocol at the data rate close to 100 Gbps in various atmospheric turbulence conditions for low Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite systems. To achieve that extremely high data rate, the ARQ's frame size is designed to be as large as 10 MB so that the window size is shorter and close to the fading channel coherence time, which varies from 1 ms to 100 ms (a condition generally observed at night).…”

Section: ) Satellite/aerial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Pham

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Free space optical (FSO) communication has established a reputation for itself capable of delivering high-speed data services over long distances without exhausting radio frequency (RF) resources. FSO communication can be considered in different network scenarios, including inter-satellite/deep-space links, ground-station/vehicles, satellite/aerial links, and terrestrial links. It is expected to be one of the key enabling technologies for the next generation of 6G wireless networks. Nevertheless, despite the great potential of FSO communications, its performance suffers from various limitations and challenges: atmospheric turbulence, clouds, weather conditions, and pointing misalignment. The error-control solutions, including physical layer (PHY) and linklayer methods, aim to mitigate the transmission errors caused by such adverse issues. While the existing surveys on errorcontrol solutions in FSO systems primarily focussed on the PHY methods, we instead provide a review of link-layer solutions. In particular, we conduct an extensive literature survey of state-ofthe-art retransmission protocols, both automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ), for various FSO communication scenarios, including point-to-point terrestrial, cooperative, multi-hop relaying, hybrid FSO/RF, satellite/aerial, and deepspace systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of recent literature and insightful discussion on the cross-layer design frameworks related to link-layer retransmission protocols in FSO communication networks. Finally, the lessons learned, design guidelines, related open issues, and future research directions are exposed.

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Demonstration of Reliable High-Rate Optical Communication over an Atmospheric Link using ARQ

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Two-Leg Deep Space Relay Architectures: Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives

Two-Leg Deep Space Relay Architectures: Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives

Link-Layer Retransmission-based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

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