Demographic history of a recent invasion of house mice on the isolated <scp>I</scp>sland of <scp>G</scp>ough

Gray, Mark R.; Wegmann, Daniel; Haasl, Ryan J.; White, Michael A.; Gabriel, Sofia I.; Searle, Jeremy B.; Cuthbert, Richard; Ryan, Peter G.; Payseur, Bret A.

doi:10.1111/mec.12715

Cited by 52 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Gough Island mice belong to the same subspecies as the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) (Gray et al 2014), providing access to an expansive genetic toolkit for investigating their phenotypic evolution. In this article, we focus on the rapid evolution of body size, for two reasons.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Gough Island mice weigh approximately twice as much as their mainland relatives (Jones et al 2003). Mice were introduced to Gough Island by teams of seal hunters (Wace 1961;Jones et al 2003) between 130 and 200 years ago (Verrill 1895;Gray et al 2014), suggesting that body size evolution has been very rapid.Gough Island mice belong to the same subspecies as the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) (Gray et al 2014), providing access to an expansive genetic toolkit for investigating their phenotypic evolution. In this article, we focus on the rapid evolution of body size, for two reasons.…”

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Genetics of Rapid and Extreme Size Evolution in Island Mice

et al. 2015

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Organisms on islands provide a revealing window into the process of adaptation. Populations that colonize islands often evolve substantial differences in body size from their mainland relatives. Although the ecological drivers of this phenomenon have received considerable attention, its genetic basis remains poorly understood. We use house mice (subspecies: Mus musculus domesticus) from remote Gough Island to provide a genetic portrait of rapid and extreme size evolution. In just a few hundred generations, Gough Island mice evolved the largest body size among wild house mice from around the world. Through comparisons with a smaller-bodied wild-derived strain from the same subspecies (WSB/EiJ), we demonstrate that Gough Island mice achieve their exceptional body weight primarily by growing faster during the 6 weeks after birth. We use genetic mapping in large F 2 intercrosses between Gough Island mice and WSB/EiJ to identify 19 quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for the evolution of 16-week weight trajectories: 8 QTL for body weight and 11 QTL for growth rate. QTL exhibit modest effects that are mostly additive. We conclude that body size evolution on islands can be genetically complex, even when substantial size changes occur rapidly. In comparisons to published studies of laboratory strains of mice that were artificially selected for divergent body sizes, we discover that the overall genetic profile of size evolution in nature and in the laboratory is similar, but many contributing loci are distinct. Our results underscore the power of genetically characterizing the entire growth trajectory in wild populations and lay the foundation necessary for identifying the mutations responsible for extreme body size evolution in nature.KEYWORDS island syndrome; island evolution; phenotypic extreme; body size; complex trait T HE question of how organisms adapt to new environments continues to captivate biologists. Because adaptation requires genetic change, discovering the mutations responsible for adaptive phenotypes is a key step toward understanding the mechanisms of this process. There is a growing list of traits for which adaptive differences in nature have been directly traced to specific genes. Examples include adaptive coloration in pocket mice (Nachman et al. 2003), deer mice (Hoekstra et al. 2006), Drosophila melanogaster (Rebeiz et al. 2009), and peppered moths (van't Hof et al. 2011); armor plate patterning and pelvic spine reduction in stickleback fish (Colosimo et al. 2005;Chan et al. 2010;Jones et al. 2012); and defense chemistry in Boechera stricta (Prasad et al. 2012). Despite these advances, the genetic architecture of adaptation in nature remains poorly understood. Most progress has focused on traits with simple genetic bases, where one or a few loci explain observed phenotypic variation (Rockman 2012). But the majority of trait differences between populations inhabiting contrasting environments are quantitative, suggesting that adaptation often involves more complex inheritance.While it ...

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Genetics of Rapid and Extreme Size Evolution in Island Mice

et al. 2015

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“…Furthermore, the presence of a temporal Wahlund effect within the HN range, likely due to the pooling of multiple populations, may too have decreased the accuracy of the ABC results. Although our results support the notion of multiple introductions, this should be interpreted with caution as several factors may be responsible for this pattern, including an unsampled source population, postinvasion genetic drift, insufficient marker resolution and admixture in the source population (Chown et al., 2015; Gray et al., 2014). Given that hatcheries make use of artificial selection techniques to enhance species production and abundance (e.g., Aprahamian, Smith, McGinnity, McKelvey, & Taylor, 2003; Lamaze et al., 2012), it is possible that the introduced M. dolomieu were of admixed or hybrid origin, as has been reported for stockings of S. fontinalis (Cooper, Miller, & Kapuscinski, 2010; Lamaze et al., 2012; Sloss, Jennings, Franckowiak, & Pratt, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These types of studies aid in unravelling the demographic history of the invasive species in question (Ficetola, Bonin, & Miaud, 2008; Gillis, Walters, Fernandes, & Hoffman, 2009; Gray et al., 2014; Neilson & Stepien, 2011). Yet, despite the wealth of specimens and information housed within Natural History collections, the majority of invasion studies to date have focussed exclusively on contemporary populations, thereby relying heavily on the premise that the historic population structure within the native range has been maintained over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ghost of introduction past: Spatial and temporal variability in the genetic diversity of invasive smallmouth bass

Diedericks

Henriques

Heyden

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Understanding the demographic history of introduced populations is essential for unravelling their invasive potential and adaptability to a novel environment. To this end, levels of genetic diversity within the native and invasive range of a species are often compared. Most studies, however, focus solely on contemporary samples, relying heavily on the premise that the historic population structure within the native range has been maintained over time. Here, we assess this assumption by conducting a three‐way comparison of the genetic diversity of native (historic and contemporary) and invasive (contemporary) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations. Analyses of a total of 572 M. dolomieu samples, representing the contemporary invasive South African range, contemporary and historical native USA range (dating back to the 1930s when these fish were first introduced into South Africa), revealed that the historical native range had higher genetic diversity levels when compared to both contemporary native and invasive ranges. These results suggest that both contemporary populations experienced a recent genetic bottleneck. Furthermore, the invasive range displayed significant population structure, whereas both historical and contemporary native US populations revealed higher levels of admixture. Comparison of contemporary and historical samples showed both a historic introduction of M. dolomieu and a more recent introduction, thereby demonstrating that undocumented introductions of this species have occurred. Although multiple introductions might have contributed to the high levels of genetic diversity in the invaded range, we discuss alternative factors that may have been responsible for the elevated levels of genetic diversity and highlight the importance of incorporating historic specimens into demographic analyses.

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