Democracy, dictatorship, and disease: Political regimes and HIV/AIDS

Summary Approximately 1.8 million children under age 15 were living with HIV. This study is the first to empirically examine the impact of sanctions on children's new HIV infection and AIDS‐related death rates. Using sanction and HIV/AIDS data that are available for 71 developing countries from 1990 to 2012, this study reveals that sanctions increase children's new HIV infection and their AIDS‐related death rates. This study increases understanding about the consequences of sanctions, especially their effect on a marginalized population and is in line with previous literature. The significant impacts of sanctions on children's HIV/AIDS suggest that the leader in a country targeted by sanctions needs to consider extending programs to respond to children's HIV/AIDS both during sanctioning and after it is lifted.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic sanctions and child HIV

Kim

2019

“…Justesen () finds that democratic governance, on average, leads countries to increase access to HIV treatments more than in those with authoritarian governments. Dionne's () analysis of elected officials' time horizons reveals a relationship between their expected tenure in office and the likelihood of spending on health and HIV programs.…”

Section: Strategies For Building Political Will For Hiv Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building political will for HIV response: an operational model and strategy options

Brinkerhoff

2015

As global programs for HIV response look to transfer responsibility and financing increasingly to country governments, the political will to take on these responsibilities becomes increasingly prominent. However, defining and assessing political will are problematic; it involves intent and motivation, and thus is inherently difficult to observe. It is intimately connected to capacity and is contextually embedded. This article describes an operational model of political will comprised of seven components that are observable and measurable. Two case studies illustrate the application of the model and shed light on the interconnections among commitment, capacity and context: South Africa and China. Strategy options to build political will for HIV response identify possible actions for both government and civil society. Political will as a concept is most usefully viewed as integrated within larger political and bureaucratic processes, as a product of the complex array of incentives and disincentives that those processes create. However, this conclusion is not a recipe for discouragement or inaction. Agent-based conceptualizations of policy change offer a solid grounding for building political will that supports HIV policy and programs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

“…I include democracy using Polity IV because previous studies reveal that the way a country responds to an epidemic is dependent on its political system . I control for log of per capita total health spending .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I include democracy using Polity IV because previous studies reveal that the way a country responds to an epidemic is dependent on its political system. 47,48 I control for log of per capita total health spending. The amount of available health resources in a country, including both public and private spending, is an important factor in the reduction of women's HIV rate.…”

Section: Kim E1303mentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization and women's HIV

Kim

2019

Summary Women's HIV has been a significant issue for decades. While economic integration has increased, little research has investigated the effects of globalization on women's HIV rate. This study argues that trade and FDI have differently affected women's HIV: While larger volume of trade has had the effect of decreasing female labor participation, thus increasing women's HIV rate, greater FDI inflows have worked to increase female labor participation, thereby decreasing women's HIV rate according to pooled time‐series cross‐sectional data of 89 developing countries. These findings suggest that globalization has both negative and positive effects on women's economic status and their health and that more research should be conducted into how economic integration affects marginalized populations such as children or people with low incomes.