Demandas físicas en jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol: ¿se entrena igual que se compite?. (Physical Demands in Semi-Professional Football Players: Is Training Carried out the Same as Competition?)

Abstract

ResumenEste estudio describe las demandas físicas de la competición en jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol, en función de su demarcación, y el grado de similitud de éstas con el entrenamiento que realizan. Durante la temporada 2010-11, 32 jugadores de fútbol fueron estudiados tanto en competición (n = 67) como en entrenamiento (n = 206) durante el mismo periodo de la temporada. Los registros del perfil físico fueron realizados con dispositivos GPS. Comparado con el entrenamiento (E), los partidos amistosos (C) mostraron diferencias significativas en las demandas físicas, presentando valores superiores en todas las variables estudiadas excepto en la distancia recorrida a baja intensidad (0-6.9 km·h -1 ), que fue superior en E. Durante la C los jugadores recorren más distancia total por minuto (112.9 vs. 73.5 m·min -1 ) y a velocidades de 7.0-12.9, 13.0-17.9, 18.0-20.9 y >21 km·h -1 . Con relación a los sprints, en C se dan con mayor frecuencia por hora de juego (15.3 vs. 3.2), son más largos (15.2 vs. 9.4 m), de mayor duración (2.3 vs. 1.5 s) y de velocidad máxima superior (27.1 vs. 23.5 km·h -1 ). Finalmente, y con relación a los indicadores establecidos, en C se da una mayor Carga del jugador·min -1 (13.4 vs. 8.6 UA) y un ratio trabajo:descanso también mayor (2.4. vs. 0.9 UA). Los resultados de este estudio deberían ayudar al desarrollo de tareas específicas de E, aumentando la calidad y cantidad del trabajo, que permitieran acercarse a las demandas físicas de C.Palabras clave: tecnología GPS, fútbol, análisis del movimiento, demarcaciones, entrenamiento, competición. AbstractThis study describes the physical demands of competing in semi-professional football players, depending on their position and the degree of similarity with the training they perform. During the 2010-11 season, 32 football players were studied both in competition (n = 67) and in training (n = 206) during the same period of the season. The physical profile records were made with GPS devices. Compared with training (E) in soccer, friendly matches (C) showed significant differences in physical demands, presenting higher values in all variables except the distance at low intensity (0-6.9 km·h -1 ), which was higher in the E. During the C the players run more total distance per minute (112.9 vs. 73.5 m·min -1 ) and at speeds of 7. 0-12.9, 13.0-17.9, 18.0-20.9 and >21 km·h -1 . With regard to the sprints, the C is given most often by game time (15.3 vs. 3.2), are longer (15.2 vs. 9.4 m) of longer duration (2.3 vs. 1.5 s) and maximum speed higher (27.1 vs. 23.5 km·h -1 ). Finally, with regard to the indicators set out in the C there is a greater player load·min -1 (13.4 vs. 8.6 AU) and a work:rest ratio also higher (2.4. vs. 0.9 AU). The results of this study should help the development of specific training tasks, increasing the quality and quantity of exercise that allowed closer to the physical demands of the C.

Global Positioning System Analysis of Physical Demands in Elite Women’s Beach Handball Players in an Official Spanish Championship

“…In this sense, the authors Edgecomb and Norton [39] conclude that both GPS technology and computer-based tracking systems involve systematic errors, overestimating the distance travelled. Nevertheless, such errors are relatively small and predictable, so it is considered that the use of any of these technologies to monitor athletes' movements should not be prevented [32]. The above-mentioned problem occurs at very high speeds reached by, e.g., aeroplanes [37].…”

“…This information provides a comprehensive analysis of the external load of athletes through the interaction of all variables, obtaining parameters such as player load or total body load that have been validated in previous studies [17,31]. The monitoring of athletes during training helps us know to what degree the training sessions replicate the physical and physiological demands of the players during competition [17,32]. However, on some occasions, the specific regulations of the sporting modality prevent the use of the GPS system in official competition, so this information can only be obtained in non-official competitions [17].…”

Perfil de esfuerzos de alta velocidad considerando la posición de juego de futbolistas profesionales chile-nos, registrados por un dispositivo GPS: un estudio piloto (Profile of high-speed efforts considering the playing position of Chilean professional soccer players, rec-orded by a GPS device: A Pilot Study)

“…To establish the number of sprints per match, and the distances traveled at high speeds, a Catapult GPS, Playertek model (Melbourne, Australia) was used, which has hardware with the following characteristics: dimensions 84 mm x 42 mm x 21 mm; weight 42 grams; 7-hour bat-tery life; signal 10 Hz; 400 Hz triaxial accelerometer and Polar® pulsometer including H1 model, and software with a Playertek Cloud. It is a certified EPTS for use in FIFA competitions (Catapult Sports), fulfilling the validation standards considering its Hertz capacity (Castellano et al, 2011a;Varley et al, 2012).…”

“…Data for the study was obtained during the beginning of the competitive season in summer, where four official matches took place, 2 on a synthetic field and 2 on natural grass. To carry out the measuring procedure, each player was assigned a specific vest and a pocket located between the scapulae contained a GPS device (Casamichana & Castellano, 2011b) that recorded the number of sprints made by the players in each match, considering a minimum threshold speed of >21 km•h−1 (Casamichana & Castellano, 2011a), and the distances traveled in zones 4 and 5, the first being recorded between speeds of 21 km•h−1 and 24 km•h−1 (Casamichana & Castellano, 2011a), and the second > 24 km•h−1 (Castellano et al, 2011a).…”

Cuantificación de carga externa e interna en fútbol masculino semiprofesional (External and Internal Load Quantification in a semi-professional male football team)

“…Los conceptos de CE y CI pueden ser valorados por diferentes variables, la aplicabilidad de las cuales depende del contexto. La organización, calidad y cantidad del ejercicio determinan la carga externa (Impellizzeri et al, 2019), monitorizada por tecnología GPS (Global Positioning System) que permite conocer el perfil físico de una manera fiable y válida (Casamichana et al, 2013;Casamichana & Castellano., 2011), mientras que las respuestas psicofisiológicas que ocurren durante la acción motriz del ejercicio determinan la carga interna (Impellizzeri et al, 2019;Campos-Vázquez et al, 2016), medidas principalmente mediante la frecuencia cardíaca, variable objetiva y precisa, y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo de sesión (sRPE), método sencillo, no invasivo y económico (Newton et al, 2019).…”