Deltacron: Apprehending a new phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Maulud, Sazan Qadir; Hasan, Dlshad Abdullah; Ali, Rezhna Khdir; Rashid, Rzgar Farooq; Saied, AbdulRahman A; Dhawan, Manish; Choudhary, Priyanka; Choudhary, Om Prakash

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106654

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Recently, the human zoonotic diseases caused by emerging viruses have rapidly increased and constitute a major public health problem around the world. Some viruses are intrinsically resistant to existing medicines, while others gain resistance‐caused mutations 135 . Strikingly, antibodies derived from Tc cattle could play a crucial role in other human health issues than viral infections, such as chronic multidrug‐resistant infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some viruses are intrinsically resistant to existing medicines, while others gain resistance‐caused mutations. 135 Strikingly, antibodies derived from Tc cattle could play a crucial role in other human health issues than viral infections, such as chronic multidrug‐resistant infections. In addition, SAB‐176, SAB‐185, and SAB‐142 are under study for their therapeutic activity against seasonal flu, COVID‐19, type 1 diabetes, and organ transplantation, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transchromosomic bovines‐derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS‐CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV‐1, and influenza A virus

Saied

Nascimento

Rangel

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Historically, passive immunotherapy is an approved approach for protecting and treating humans against various diseases when other alternative therapeutic options are unavailable. Human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs) can be made from convalescent human donor serum, although it is considered limited due to pandemics and the urgent requirement. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) could be generated from animals, but they may cause severe immunoreactivity and, once "humanized," may have lower neutralization efficiency. Transchromosomic bovines (TcBs) have been developed to address these concerns by creating robust neutralizing hpAbs, which are useful in preventing and/or curing human infections in response to hyperimmunization with vaccines holding adjuvants and/or immune stimulators over an extensive period. Unlike other animal‐derived pAbs, potent hpAbs could be promptly produced from TcB in large amounts to assist against an outbreak scenario. Some of these highly efficacious TcB‐derived antibodies have already neutralized and blocked diseases in clinical studies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has numerous variants classified into variants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs), and variants under monitoring. Although these variants possess different mutations, such as N501Y, E484K, K417N, K417T, L452R, T478K, and P681R, SAB‐185 has shown broad neutralizing activity against VOCs, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants, and VOIs, such as Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, and Lambda variants. This article highlights recent developments in the field of bovine‐derived biotherapeutics, which are seen as a practical platform for developing safe and effective antivirals with broad activity, particularly considering emerging viral infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2, Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Zika, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and influenza A virus. Antibodies in the bovine serum or colostrum, which have been proved to be more protective than their human counterparts, are also reviewed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transchromosomic bovines‐derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS‐CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV‐1, and influenza A virus

Saied

Nascimento

Rangel

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…It has been stated by virologists that many SARS-CoV-2 genomes that have the Delta and the Omicron variants have been discovered by a research team at the University of Cyprus in Nicosia (Figure 1). 38 In France, 33 cases of the delta variant, 8 cases in Denmark, 1 case in Germany, and 1 case in the Netherlands were recorded in an update given on March 10, 2021. 39 The Deltacron has not been labeled as a VOC due to the limited number of infection cases that have been confirmed.…”

Section: Covid-19 Deltacron Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Update on the Epidemiology of COVID-19 Variants and the Assessment Status of Developed Vaccines

Venugopala

2022

Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly and diffused to more than 180 countries at varying severities. This pandemic has accounted for increased mortality and morbidity in developed as well as developing nations. The WHO has announced that there is a persistent need for the evaluation of the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against major outcomes, which include severe diseases, symptomatic COVID-19, and mortalities related to COVID-19. Therefore, mass vaccination programs using vaccines of high effectiveness are among the strategies that have been used by governments worldwide to impede the COVID-19 pandemic transmission. In this regard, massive efforts were made by governments, scientists, biomedical researchers, and healthcare professionals leading to the successful development of various vaccines to bring this pandemic under control. This editorial aims to shed light on the epidemiological status of COVID-19 variants, namely, Delta, Omicron, and Deltacron variants as well as discuss the effectiveness of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines.

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“…The genomic segment within these limits displayed Omicron signature mutations; however, the rest of the genome presented Delta signature mutations. This recombinant variant was then designated XD [ 13 ] and was mainly found in Denmark and the Netherlands [ 14 , 15 ]. Besides XD, two other Omicron and Delta hybrids, XF and XS, circulated in the United Kingdom and the USA, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incipient Parallel Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron Variant in South Brazil

et al. 2023

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With the coexistence of multiple lineages and increased international travel, recombination and gene flow are likely to become increasingly important in the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2. These processes could result in genetic introgression and the incipient parallel evolution of multiple recombinant lineages. However, identifying recombinant lineages is challenging, and the true extent of recombinant evolution in SARS-CoV-2 may be underestimated. This study describes the first SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron recombinant case identified in Brazil. We demonstrate that the recombination breakpoint is at the beginning of the Spike gene. The 5′ genome portion (circa 22 kb) resembles the AY.101 (Delta), and the 3′ genome portion (circa 8 kb nucleotides) is most similar to the BA.1.1 (Omicron). Furthermore, evolutionary genomic analyses indicate that the new strain emerged after a single recombination event between lineages of diverse geographical locations in December 2021 in South Brazil. This Deltacron, AYBA-RS, is one of the dozens of recombinants described in 2022. The submission of only four sequences in the GISAID database suggests that this lineage had a minor epidemiological impact. However, the recent emergence of this and other Deltacron recombinant lineages (XD, XF, and XS) suggests that gene flow and recombination may play an increasingly important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. We explain the evolutionary and population genetic theory that supports this assertion, concluding that this stresses the need for continued genomic surveillance. This monitoring is vital for countries where multiple variants are present, as well as for countries that receive significant inbound international travel.

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Deltacron: Apprehending a new phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Transchromosomic bovines‐derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS‐CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV‐1, and influenza A virus

Transchromosomic bovines‐derived broadly neutralizing antibodies as potent biotherapeutics to counter important emerging viral pathogens with a special focus on SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS‐CoV, Ebola, Zika, HIV‐1, and influenza A virus

Progress Update on the Epidemiology of COVID-19 Variants and the Assessment Status of Developed Vaccines

Incipient Parallel Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron Variant in South Brazil

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