Deleterious effects of a cafeteria diet on the livers of nonobese rats

MacQueen, Hilary; Sadler, Dawn; Moore, Sharon A.; Daya, Sandeep; Brown, J.G.; Shuker, David E. G.; Seaman, Michael S.; Wassif, Wassif S.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.10.003

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although in humans an enlarged liver is frequently associated with ill-health, we did not observe this phenomenon, and all the livers remained in the correct proportion to whole body mass (Figure 1b). A histological examination of some of the livers (not shown) showed glycogen and fatty deposits increasing with age, and noticeably more prominent with animals eating the high-fat diet, consistent with our previous findings and those of others [14,21]. In this study we observed that the rise in AST and ALT with age seen in control animals was substantially abolished in WRD animals, which also showed a significant drop in levels of albumin at 18 months (Figure 2c and d; P < 0.001).…”

Section: Markers Of Liver Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Albumin remained stable in the RM3 animals, but there was a highly significant drop (P < 0.001) in the WRD animals at 18 months which was not seen at 12 months (Figure 2d). Liver enzymes are frequently used as clinical markers of a range of conditions, and we have previously found a number of changes with age and diet in Sprague-Dawley rats [8,14]. Although in humans an enlarged liver is frequently associated with ill-health, we did not observe this phenomenon, and all the livers remained in the correct proportion to whole body mass (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Markers Of Liver Functioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Growth curves for the animals are shown in Figure 1a. Hepatomegaly is frequently associated with high-fat diets [14], but Figure 1b shows that in this study the size of the liver remained in proportion to body mass across all the animal groups. All animals were harvested at the same time of day, 5 hours into the light phase.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…At each time point (12 months and 18 months) 4 animals eating the control diet and 10 animals eating the experimental diet were harvested. The reason for the smaller number of control animals is that we already have substantial data on such animals [8,14] and for ethical reasons did not wish to repeat this data collection needlessly.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Value of Biomarkers for Normal and Pathological Ageing in a Rat Model

Stramek¹,

Wassif²,

Evans³

et al. 2015

IJFS

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Section: Markers Of Liver Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Markers Of Liver Functioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Value of Biomarkers for Normal and Pathological Ageing in a Rat Model

Stramek¹,

Wassif²,

Evans³

et al. 2015

IJFS

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“…Furthermore, administering high doses of sucrose (which contains 50% fructose) can also cause elevation of liver function tests in humans [13,15,16,21,23]. The Western diet, a "cafeteria diet" high in processed sugars and fat, has also been shown to cause deleterious effects with the development of hepatic steatosis in non-obese rats [39]. Thus, a strong rationale exists that suggests excessive fructose intake as a risk factor for developing NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ouyang

Cirillo

Sautin

et al. 2008

Journal of Hepatology

740

522

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BACKGROUND/AIMS-While the rise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the increase in obesity and diabetes, a significant increase in dietary fructose consumption in industrialized countries has also occurred. The increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup, primarily in the form of soft-drinks, is linked with complications of the insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, the hepatic metabolism of fructose favors de novo lipogenesis and ATP depletion. We hypothesize that increased fructose consumption contributes to the development of NAFLD.

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Quantifying hepatic glycogen synthesis by direct and indirect pathways in rats under normal ad libitum feeding conditions

Soares

Viega

Carvalho

et al. 2008

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Hepatic glycogen synthesis from intact hexose (direct pathway) relative to that from gluconeogenic precursors (indirect pathway) was quantified in ad libitum-fed rats. Following 2 H 2 O administration and overnight feeding, the livers were removed and glycogen 2 H-enrichment was measured by 2 H NMR. Six controls and six rats rendered hyperglycemic by streptozotocin (STZ; fasting blood glucose ‫؍‬ 385 ؎ 31 mg/dl) were studied. The indirect pathway contribution, estimated as glycogen hydrogen 5 relative to hydrogen 2 enrichment, was 54% ؎ 4% for control rats-similar to values from healthy, meal-fed humans. In STZtreated rats, the indirect pathway contribution was significantly higher (68% ؎ 4%, P < 0.05 vs. controls), similar to that of Type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. In conclusion, sources of hepatic glycogen synthesis in rats during ad libitum nocturnal feeding were quantified by analysis of glycogen enrichment from 2 Hepatic glycogen is synthesized from glucose by two distinct pathways ( Fig. 1): the classical direct pathway from glucose involving intact hexose units, and the indirect pathway involving 3-carbon precursors (1-4). In humans, direct and indirect pathway contributions are quantified by analysis of plasma glucose and UDP-glucose enrichment following infusion of a glucose tracer as part of an intravenous glucose load (1,5) with corrections for recycling of the labeled carbon (6). The tracer can also be given as part of a meal (7,8) to study the pathways of glycogen repletion under normal feeding conditions. This approach is poorly suited to study hepatic glycogen synthesis in ad libitum fed rats since they tend to feed intermittently over the entire dark period of the diurnal cycle (9). While there have been studies of glycogen synthesis under artificial substrate delivery conditions, such as glucose infusion (10) or after a glucose load (11,12), we are unaware of any reported measurement of direct and indirect pathway activities in rats during their natural feeding routine. Since postprandial hepatic glycogen levels are sensitive to dietary composition (13,14), measurement of direct and indirect pathway activities under baseline conditions is essential for evaluating the effect of disease or other interventions on these fluxes.To quantify hepatic glycogen repletion via direct and indirect pathways during ad libitum feeding, we analyzed the positional 2 H-enrichment of hepatic glycogen following the administration of 2 H 2 O at the start of the feeding cycle. Under these conditions, both direct and indirect pathway precursors of glycogen become enriched with 2 H from 2 H 2 O (15). Glycogen derived from glucose via the direct pathway will be enriched in position 2 as a result of extensive exchange between glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), catalyzed by G6P-isomerase (16). Glycogen synthesized via the indirect pathway will be enriched in both the 2 and 5 positions, the latter due to exchange/addition of water and metabolite hydrogens at the triose phosphate level. On this basis,...

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Deleterious effects of a cafeteria diet on the livers of nonobese rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Predictive Value of Biomarkers for Normal and Pathological Ageing in a Rat Model

Predictive Value of Biomarkers for Normal and Pathological Ageing in a Rat Model

Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Quantifying hepatic glycogen synthesis by direct and indirect pathways in rats under normal ad libitum feeding conditions

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