Delays and Growth Rates of Multiple TEOAE Components

Goodman, Shawn S.; Mertes, Ian B.; Scheperle, Rachel A.; Shera, Christopher A.; Olson, Elizabeth S.

doi:10.1063/1.3658098

Cited by 20 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When expressed relative to the latency of the later-occurring component, the latency of the earlier-occurring adjacent component was shorter by a factor of 1.81 (s.d.=0.34) and is similar to previous work that has reported a difference of approximately 1.6 (Goodman et al 2009;Moleti et al 2012). The near level-invariance of the different-latency TEOAE components has also been previously reported (Goodman et al 2009;Goodman et al 2011;Moleti et al 2012;Rasetshwane and Neely 2012) and is consistent with the generation of a given component occurring through the same mechanism and at the same cochlear location, regardless of stimulus level.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This relationship was of interest as it provides an empirical test of the hypothesis that shorter-latency components are generated basal to longer-latency components of similar frequency (Withnell et al 2008;Goodman et al 2011;Moleti et al 2013). In light of recent work demonstrating that SL components depend on the active cochlear elements at locations basal to those of the LL component (Moleti et al 2014), a two-tone suppression paradigm was used to examine the extent of those contributions.…”

Section: Basal Contributions To Sl Teoae Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SL components grow less compressively than their LL counterparts, with the effect that the largest contribution to the total TEOAE (i.e., the TEOAE analyzed across a time window spanning all components) shifts from the LL component at low stimulus levels to SL components at high stimulus levels (Withnell and McKinley 2005;Goodman et al 2009;. The latencies of the different components are approximately level invariant and separated in time by a factor of 1.6 (Carvalho et al 2003;Goodman et al 2011;Moleti et al 2012). The difference in component latencies and leveldependent contributions to the total TEOAE underlies the decrease in the total TEOAE's latency with increasing stimulus level (Moleti et al 2012;Rasetshwane et al 2013;Lewis and Goodman 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(In this paper, the term "tonotopic place" refers to the place of maximum basilar membrane, BM, vibration for low-level stimuli.) The generation mechanism and place of the SL components are less certain, with both intermodulation distortion and basal coherent reflection being hypothesized (Withnell and McKinley 2005;Withnell et al 2008;Goodman et al 2009Goodman et al , 2011Moleti et al 2012;Moleti et al 2013). The latencies of the SL components imply generation basal to the tonotopic place; however, the basal-extent of such contributions is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Lewis

Goodman

2014

JARO

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The presence of short-latency (SL), less compressivegrowing components in bandpass-filtered transientevoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) waveforms may implicate contributions from cochlear regions basal to the tonotopic place. Recent empirical work suggests a region of SL generation between ∼1/5 and 1/10-octave basal to the TEOAE frequency's tonotopic place. However, this estimate may be biased to regions closer to the tonotopic place as the TEOAE extraction technique precluded measurement of components with latencies shorter than ∼5 ms. Using a variant of the non-linear, double-evoked extraction paradigm that permitted extraction of components with latencies as early as 1 ms, the current study empirically estimated the spatial-extent of the cochlear region contributing to 2 kHz SL TEOAE components. TEOAEs were evoked during simultaneous presentation of a suppressor stimulus, in order to suppress contributions to the TEOAE from different places along the cochlear partition. Three or four different-latency components of similar frequency content (∼2 kHz) were identified for most subjects. Component latencies ranged from 1.4 to 9.6 ms; latency was predictive of the component's growth rate and the suppressor frequency to which the component's magnitude was most sensitive to change. As component latency decreased, growth became less compressive and suppressor-frequency sensitivity shifted to higher frequencies. The shortest-latency components were most sensitive to suppressors approximately 3/5-octave higher than their nominal frequency of 2 kHz. These results are consistent with a distributed region of generation extending to approximately 3/5-octave basal to the TEOAE frequency's tonotopic place. The empirical estimates of TEOAE generation are similar to model-based estimates where generation of the different-latency components occurs through linear reflection from impedance discontinuities distributed across the cochlear partition.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Basal Contributions To Sl Teoae Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Lewis

Goodman

2014

JARO

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“…The first component is characterised by its short latency and near-linear amplitude growth with stimulus level (e.g. Withnell and McKinley, 2005;Withnell et al, 2008;Goodman et al, 2011;Moleti et al, 2012). Because of its short latency, this component is assumed to be generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane (BM) via two possible mechanisms; nonlinear intermodulation distortion (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

2015

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Tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emission (TBOAE) components measured in response to a 1 kHz tone burst (TB 1 ) are suppressed by the simultaneous presence of an additional tone burst (TB 2 ). This "simultaneous suppression of TBOAEs" has been explained in terms of a mechanism based on local nonlinear interactions between the basilar membrane (BM) travelling waves caused by TB 1 and TB 2 . A test of this local nonlinear interaction (LNI)-based mechanism, as a function of the frequency separation ( f, expressed in kHz) between TB 1 and TB 2 , has previously been reported by Killan et al. (2012) using a simple mathematical model [Killan et al., Hear. Res. 285, 58-64 (2012)]. The two experiments described in this paper add additional data on the extent to which the LNI-based mechanism can account for simultaneous suppression, by testing two further hypotheses derived from the model predictions. Experiment I tested the hypothesis that TBOAE suppression is directly linked to TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity where ears that exhibit a higher degree of amplitude nonlinearity yield greater suppression than more linear ears, and this relationship varies systematically as a function of f. In order to test this hypothesis simultaneous suppression at a range of values of f at 60 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level (p.e. SPL) and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity from normal human ears was measured. In Experiment II the hypothesis that suppression will also increase progressively as a function of increasing tone burst level was tested by measuring suppression for a range of f and tone burst levels at 40, 50, 60 and 70 dB p.e. SPL. The majority of the findings from both experiments provide support for the LNI-based mechanism being primarily responsible for simultaneous suppression. However, some data were inconsistent with this view. Specifically, a breakdown in the relationship between suppression and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity at f = 1 (i.e. when TB 2 was reasonably well separated from, and had a higher frequency than TB 1 ) 3 and unexpected level-dependence, most notably at f = 1, but also where f = −0.5, was observed. Either the LNI model is too simple or an alternative explanation, involving response components generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane, is required to account for these findings.

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Measurements of Wide-Band Cochlear Reflectance in Humans

Rasetshwane

Neely

2012

JARO

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The total sound pressure measured in the ear canal may be decomposed into a forward- and a reverse-propagating component. Most of the reverse-propagating component is due to reflection at the eardrum. However, a measurable contribution to the reverse-propagating component comes from the cochlea. Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are associated with this component and have been shown to be important noninvasive probes of cochlear function. Total ear-canal reflectance (ECR) is the transfer function between forward and reverse propagating components measured in the ear canal. Cochlear reflectance (CR) is the inner-ear contribution to the total ECR, which is the measured OAE normalized by the stimulus. Methods are described for measuring CR with a wide-band noise stimulus. These measurements offer wider bandwidth and minimize the influence of the measurement system while still maintaining features of other OAEs (i.e., frequency- and level-dependent latency). CR magnitude decreases as stimulus level increases. Envelopes of individual band-limited components of the time-domain CR have multiple peaks with latencies that persist across stimulus level, despite a shift in group delay. CR has the potential to infer cochlear function and status, similar to other OAE measurements.

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Delays and Growth Rates of Multiple TEOAE Components

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Measurements of Wide-Band Cochlear Reflectance in Humans

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