Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction - A Case Report

Abstract

Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Transfusions of blood products are associated with several complications, many of which can be grouped as immunological or infection. Acute hemolytic reactions occur with transfusion of red blood cells and are due to destruction of donor erythrocytes by preformed recipient antibodies. Most often this occurs due to clerical” errors or improper typing and cross matching. Delayed hemolytic reactions occur more frequently and are due to the same mechanism as in acute hemolytic reactions. However, the consequences are generally mild and a great proportion of patients may not have symptoms. However, evidence of hemolysis and falling hemoglobin levels may still occur. Treatment is generally not needed, but due to the presence of recipient antibodies, future compatibility may be affected. Hereby we share our experience of such a case of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and discussing the various measures to be taken during any such incidence and the biochemical and hematological tests to confirm the diagnosis.