Dehydrocyclization-cracking reaction of soybean oil using zeolite-metal oxide composite-supported PtNiMo sulfided catalysts

Dehydrocyclization–cracking of methyl oleate by Pt catalysts supported on a ZnZSM-5–Al2O3 hierarchical composite

“…It was proposed that the dehydrocyclization-cracking reaction of a fat could provide not only the aromatics of BTX but also hydrogen in high yields using an ideal multi-functional catalyst that has the abilities to support hydrocracking, dehydrocyclization, diffusion, and cracking simultaneously. 4,6 Multifunctional Pt/NiMo/ZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 hierarchical composite catalysts have been used to give liquid fuel fractions of gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil, including aromatics with high yields from soybean oil. On the other hand, multi-functional ZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 hierarchical composite catalysts also gave BTX selectively from n-pentane through a Diels-Alder reaction of butadiene with ethene, propene, and butenes.…”

“…These three components were mixed with water until a clay-like solid was obtained, and its calcination was performed at 500 C for 3 h in air. 6,27 Pt of about 0.10-0.16 wt% was added to the ZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 composite support by the conventional impregnation method using an aqueous solution of H 2 [PtCl 6 ]$ 6H 2 O. All the Pt used was supported on the composite.…”

“…Details of the determination of all the products are cited elsewhere. 6,27 3. Results and discussion Broad alumina signals were also observed at 2q values of about 46 and 67 .…”

“…† These results are consistent with the previous results from the catalysts used in the methyl oleate, fat, and aromatics conversions. 4,6,[27][28][29][30][31][32] The pore structures of fresh IO-PtZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 and IM-Pt/ ZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 catalysts were estimated by N 2 adsorption and desorption measurements as shown in Table 1. Zn( 13)ZA, a ZnZSM-5-Al 2 O 3 composite support, had a BET-surface area (SA) of 283 m 2 g À1 , total pore volume (TPV) of 0.62 cm 3 g À1 , BJH-SA of 292 m 2 g À1 , BJH-PV of 0.61 cm 3 g À1 , and BJH-pore diameter (PD) of 11 nm.…”

Heterogeneous Catalysis with Basic Compounds to Achieve the Synthesis and C–N Cleavage of Azetidin-2-ones under Microwave Irradiation

“…Moreover, the catalysts can be recovered and reused. [26][27][28][29][30] Basic compounds such as Al 2 O 3 , MgO, basic zeolites, and laminar hydroxides have been successfully employed in heterogeneous catalysis to achieve various organic transformations, including decarboxylation reactions, 31 pyranpyrazole synthesis, 32 methylation reactions, 33 and condensations. 34 In this context, extensive research on Mg-Al hydroxide (MAH) has led to its application in the synthesis of amides 35 and coumarins, 36 as well as in a variety of fundamental reactions: oxidation, 37 hydroxylation, 38 olefin epoxidation, 39 and transesterification.…”