Degradation of tributyltin chloride in water photoinduced by iron(III)

Abstract

The degradation of tributyltin chloride (TBT) photoinduced by iron(III) was investigated. Upon irradiation at λexcitation >300 nm a photoredox process was observed, yielding iron(II) and ·2OH radicals. The disappearance of TBT was proved to involve only an attack by ·2OH radicals: the quantum yield of TBT disappearance was determined. A wavelength effect was observed; the shorter the excitation wavelength, the higher the rate of TBT disappearance. Most of the photoproducts were identified and the mechanism of degradation was elucidated. The main route to degradation is a stepwise debutylation of TBT to di‐ and mono‐butyltin with final formation of inorganic tin. The complete mineralization of TBT was achieved with long irradiation times, leading to innocuous inorganic tin. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Decolouration of H2SO4leachate from phosphorus-saturated alum sludge using H2O2and advanced oxidation processes in phosphorus recovery strategy

“…The main mechanism of photo-Fenton process is as follows: The acceleration for decomposition of organic compounds is believed to be in order to photolysis of iron aquacomplex, Fe(H O) 5 (OH) 2+ (respected hereafter by Fe(OH) 2+ ), to providing a new important source of HO• radicals. [36,37] It is also confirmed from the results of this study that photo-Fenton showed the highest efficiency for colour removal. ---22--- ---23--- ---24--- ---25---…”

Degradation of octylbenzene sulfonate photoinduced by iron(III) aquacomplexes: Evidence for the fragmentation of the alkyl chain

“…In a general way, the higher the percentage in Fe(OH) 2+ , the higher iron(II) formation was. But the initial slow formation followed by an acceleration did not look like what was observed with the previously investigated systems: the fast iron(II) formation was observed from the very beginning [16,19,20]. The difference can be attributed to the possible interference of the thermal process again [26].…”

“…Under our experimental conditions 1.0 × 10 −4 < [Fe(III)] < 1.0 × 10 −3 mol L −1 and pH ranging from 3.5 to 3, Fe(OH) 2+ is the predominant if not the only monomeric iron(III) aquacomplex [23]. However as previously reported [14][15][16], the speciation of iron(III) in aqueous solution changed with time due to hydrolysis and oligomerization processes. While the content of Fe(OH) 2+ in a freshly prepared solution of Fe(ClO 4 ) 3 (3.0 × 10 −4 mol L −1 ) was 100% approximately, it decreased to 30% after 1 hour by following a first order kinetics.…”

“…But after 30 minutes of irradiation, the degradation stopped. Such a phenomenon was often observed when dealing with iron(III) photoinduced degradation [16]. OBS degradation was not significantly increased by using oxygen saturated solution.…”

Antioxidative Effect of Quercetin and Its Equimolar Mixtures with Phenyltin Compounds on Liposome Membranes

“…However, the control spectra presented in Figure C , D (for unradiated DPhT and TPhT) do not show such character. The results presented in Figure also indicate that the peroxidative effect of OTC on PC liposomes (during exposition to UV) is, among others, connected to the attack of free radicals (most probably the phenyl ones, Ph) that are formed during photodestruction of OTC by UV ( − ).…”