Degradation of Chlorophyll and Several Derivatives in Acid Solution

Schanderl, S. H.; Chichester, C. O.; Marsh, George

doi:10.1021/jo01058a025

Cited by 62 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2, Tables I and V). Formulae were developed for the calculation of the concentrations of Chl a, b, and Pchl (formulae [6] to [8], [11] to [13]) and of Phaeo a and b (formulae [22] to [24]) in the DMF solutions in the same way as formulae were worked out for other solvents (12). The use of DMF enables the detection of pigments in extracts from plant material having a low level of pigment concentration, but when such extracts are concerned, it often occurs that the Chl spectrum is distorted due to absorbance by other materials extracted along with it (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because this can be a somewhat long and tedious procedure, which becomes even more complicated if more than one pigment is involved, reference line formulae [14] to [19] were developed, employing a common isobestic point for Chl a, b, and Pchl (Table I), which render the calculations faster, right from three or four absorbance data (see Appendix). The validity of the reference line formulae was experimentally tested (Table II) and it seems that their accuracy makes them preferable for the determination of Chl in etiolated plant material, where the level of the pigments concentration is low and small quantities of other substances co- (11), (12), (13), and after Acidfication the Formulae (22), (23), (24) The concentrations ranged between 2 to 32 jig/ml; each result is an average of 3 to 5 samples. extracted with the Chl interfere with absorbance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was shown by comparing the results calculated with the two sets of formulae, both before and after clearing the extract by centrifugation. Discrepancies of 30 to 50% were observed between these results using total absorbance formulae ( [6] to [8], [11] to [13]). When reference line formulae were applied, these differences were reduced to less (Table III and the related text).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulae for Determination of Chlorophyllous Pigments Extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide

Moran¹

1982

Plant Physiol.

1,221

637

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The extraction of chlorophylls in higher plant tissue using N,N-dimethylformamide expedites the process and enables the determination of small samples with low pigment level.Absorption spectra of Chi a, Chi b, and Pchl and of their acidified derivatives, the phaeophytins, were recorded. Conversion of Chi b to its corresponding acidified product occurs much more slowly than that of Chl a and Pchl. When acidffied, Pchl differs from Chl a and Chi b by the disappearance of the red band in the absorption spectrum. Specific extinction coefficients were determined and formulae for quantitative determination of pigments concentrations were developed. When concentrations of pigments are low, as in etiolated plant material, the absorption spectra of the chlorophylls can be distorted due to the presence of other substances simultaneously extracted; formulae for pigment determination under such circumstances were also derived.There is a vast array of solvents used for the extraction and determination of the Chl, but most of them necessitate grinding and centrifuging of material with or without heating t2, 5, 9). Recently, it was shown that the use of the solvent DMF renders the process simpler and faster, since the pigments can be extracted from intact tissues (I 1). A similar method which was described for green leaves, using ethanol, includes several repetitions of the extraction in relatively high volume (7). Another method was suggested, using dimethylsulfoxide. However, the tissue must be heated to 60°C (4).In a previous paper (11) Conversion of the Chl to their acidic derivatives was carried out according to (15) modified as follows: the nonacidified solution was stirred in the cuvette with a sealed pasteur pipette which was first dipped in a 5 N HCI solution. This treatment was repeated twice, although conversion of the pigments was almost complete after the first time. Change in volume was negligible. The change in pH was from 6.8 to 6.6 and was enough to enhance the total disappearance of the specific absorption spectrum of the Chl and the replacement by a stable spectrum of the corresponding acidic derivatives. All the SEC given for the phaeophytins are not corrected for loss of Mg, so that they can be utilized for the calculating of the concentrations of their corresponding Chl ( 18). RESULTSDetermination of SEC for the Chi: The SEC were determined by the equation:where Ax is the absorbance (OD units) at a given wavelength, EA is the SEC of the solution at wavelength A, c is the concentration (g/-L') and I is the beam-path (1 cm) in the measuring cuvette.For any AX, A2 in an interval where relation (1) holds, we have:The absorbances at the maxima of the main bands in the red of Chl b in 80% acetone and of Pchl in diethylether as solvents were compared with the absorbances of the corresponding maxima of

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulae for Determination of Chlorophyllous Pigments Extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide

Moran¹

1982

Plant Physiol.

1,221

637

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“…3) previously by Jeffrey and Griffith (14) and Wolf (32), who reported that Chl a degraded more rapidly than Chl b in senescing leaves. Schanderl et al (27) found that in vitro the conversion of Chl a to phaeophytin a was 5 times that of Chl b to phaeophytin b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Changes Associated with Application of Ethephon ((2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid) to Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruits

Puech¹,

Rebeiz²,

Crane³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…8,9 Though this may be a clue for the choice of Zn, quantitative comparison has been done in only a limited number of works on the pheophytinization of Mg-(B)Chls. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In this work, we compared the pheophytinization rate of Zn-(B)Chl a with that of Mg-(B)Chl a as a function of pH, to find a remarkably high resistance of Zn-BChl a to acid.…”

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Acid Resistance of Zn-Bacteriochlorophyll a from an Acidophilic Bacterium Acidiphilium rubrum

et al. 1998

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The major pigments of both antenna and reaction centers (RCs) are chlorophylls (Chls) in higher plants and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) in photosynthetic bacteria. Except for the metal-free pheophytin (Pheo) a, bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) a (see Fig. 1) and BPheo b acting as primary electron acceptors in RCs 1-3 , only Mg has been known as the central metal of Chls and BChls until we recently found a novel Zn-containing BChl a in an aerobic bacterium Acidiphilium rubrum growing at low pH (ca. 3) 4 and confirmed its structure to be identical with that of BChl a esterified with phytol.

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Degradation of Chlorophyll and Several Derivatives in Acid Solution

Cited by 62 publications

References 2 publications

Formulae for Determination of Chlorophyllous Pigments Extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide

Formulae for Determination of Chlorophyllous Pigments Extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide

Pigment Changes Associated with Application of Ethephon ((2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid) to Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruits

Acid Resistance of Zn-Bacteriochlorophyll a from an Acidophilic Bacterium Acidiphilium rubrum

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