Degradation and stabilisation of polymers and coatings: nano versus pigmentary titania particles

Photocatalytic Behavior of Water-Based Styrene-Acrylic Coatings Containing TiO2 Sensitized with Metal-Phthalocyanine Tetracarboxylic Acids

“…The results sustain us to conclude that there is no evidence regarding important degradation of the binder during exposure to different type of light and coatings present good retention of the initial gloss. As it was already shown [40], the binder photodegradation is more pronounced as the photocatalyst loadings in the coating materials becomes higher. Therefore, in order to analyze the possible surface degradation color measurements were performed on coatings containing 10% w/w photocatalyst.…”

Dynamic Model for the Stocks and Release Flows of Engineered Nanomaterials

“…46,47,53 Currently there is no experimental data on the long-term release of ENMs. In our study, two additional models were created and presented in the Supporting Information (SI).…”

Regulation of Nanorefrigerant Use: A Proactive Measure Against Possible Undesirable Health and Environmental Implications

“…For instance, quantum dot can break down in the human body potentially causing cadmium poisoning while TiO2 have been found to cause free radicals in skin cells, damaging DNA (Gibbs and Tang, 2004). Also, TiO2 promote photocatalytically initiated, free-radical degradation of prepainted steel sheets installed in roofing applications (Barker and Branch, 2008) and affect the degradation and stabilization of polymers and coatings (Allen et al, 2004). Al2O3, according to studies by Chen et al (2008), kills cells that line the blood vessel in human brain while Arul et al (2011) concluded that Al2O3 is generally toxic to normal cell line.…”

“…The world is still battling to mitigate effects of earlier unregulated use of the CFCs in refrigeration industry. While these effects affected the environment directly and subsequently health, the nanorefrigerants unregulated use have the tendency of directly impacting health and the environment; a fact that can be inferred from the works of Poland et al (2008), Senjen (2009), Gibbs and Tang (2004), Chen et al (2008, Arul et al (2011), Yanik andVardar (2015), Burklew et al (2012), Boyles et al (2016), Karlsson et al (2008), Barker and Branch (2008), Allen et al (2004), Kim et al (2003), Nel et al (2006), Oberdörster et al (2005), Kreilgaard (2002), Wakefield et al (2004), Gibbs et al (2004) and Sweet and Strohm (2006). With nanoparticles finding their way into human, animal cells and plants cells, there may be increased risk of illnesses like cancer and some other undesirable respiratory conditions.…”

“…However, with nanoparticles, the extractors may require fitting with very fine Figure 7. Stationary Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Regulatory Requirements particulate filters to ensure that nanoparticles do not escape and find their way into the surrounding environment, since some of them may have adverse environmental effect as shown by Barker and Branch (2008) who observed that nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, TiO2, and zinc oxide, ZnO, used in some sunscreen formulations promote photocatalytically initiated, free-radical degradation of prepainted steel sheets installed in roofing applications, thus leading to their unsightly appearance, and Allen et al (2004) who outlined how particle size, different surface treatments and dispersion of several nano and pigmentary grades of titania particles affect the degradation and stabilization of polymers and coatings. Just like in the cosmetics industry, a regulation is required to compel manufacturers of nanorefrigerants or nanolubricants to clearly specify on the refrigerant or lubricant container information like physicochemical specifications, toxicological profile, safety assessment and exposure conditions as well as the nanoparticle and quantity used.…”