Deformation bands in porous carbonate grainstones: Field and laboratory observations

Cilona, Antonino; Baud, Patrick; Tondi, Emanuele; Agosta, Fabrizio; Vinciguerra, Sergio; Rustichelli, Andrea; Spiers, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2012.04.012

Cited by 92 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…12E), but is rare. No band-parallel transgranular pressure solution seams Cilona et al, 2012) are observed.…”

Section: Cataclasis-dominated Compactive Shear Bands (Type 2b)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Natural examples of these bands have been reported since the mid-2000s Micarelli et al, 2006;Tondi et al, 2006). Further studies have followed, including experimental work (Baxevanis et al, 2006;Baud et al, 2009;Vajdova et al, 2010;Zhu et al, 2010;Cilona et al, 2012Cilona et al, , 2014Ji et al, 2015) and field-based studies that document deformation bands predominantly in carbonate grainstones (Antonellini et al, 2008;Agosta et al, 2009;Cilona et al, 2012;Rustichelli et al, 2012;Tondi et al, 2012;Antonellini et al, 2014b), and recently also in chalk (Wennberg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes (i) that they are characterized by localized grain-scale shear in a mm-tocm-scale zone rather than along a discrete slip surface (e.g. Tondi et al, 2006), (ii) strain hardening behaviour (Baud et al, 2009;Cilona et al, 2012;Ji et al, 2015), (iii) scaling properties , (iv) magnitude of displacement (e.g. Tondi et al, 2006;Antonellini et al, 2008), (v) failure modes (Vajdova et al, 2004;Baxevanis et al, 2006;Cilona et al, 2014), (vi) sensitivity to changes in porosity and the shape and size of grains Cilona et al, 2014), and (vii) porosity-permeability reduction (Rath et al, 2011;Antonellini et al, 2014a;Tondi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossen et al, 2007), pressure solution (in concert with cataclasis) seems to play a far more significant role in compaction-and shear localization in carbonate rocks, and appear to commonly occur at near-surface burial depths (e.g. Tondi et al, 2006Tondi et al, , 2012Cilona et al, 2012;Cilona et al, 2014). In fact, intergranular pressure solution is an important process that contributes to grain size and porosity reduction in deformation bands in grainstones (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This key aim is addressed through the following set of specific objectives; (i) to document and describe the geometry, morphology, microstructure and kinematics of the studied deformation bands; (ii) determine their porosity; (iii) elucidate their spatiotemporal evolution; (iv) discuss their mechanisms and conditions for formation, in light of previously published work. Marchegiani et al, 2006;Tondi et al, 2006;Antonellini et al, 2008;Agosta et al, 2009;Cilona et al, 2012;Cilona et al, 2014;Rustichelli et al, 2012;Tondi et al, 2016. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Rotevatn¹,

Thorsheim²,

Bastesen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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a b s t r a c tDeformation bands in porous sandstones have been extensively studied for four decades, whereas comparatively less is known about deformation bands in porous carbonate rocks, particularly in extensional settings. Here, we investigate porous grainstones of the Globigerina Limestone Formation in Malta, which contain several types of deformation bands in the hangingwall of the Maghlaq Fault: (i) bed-parallel pure compaction bands (PCB); (ii) pressure solution-dominated compactive shear bands (SCSB) and iii) cataclasis-dominated compactive shear bands (CCSB). Geometric and kinematic analyses show that the bands formed sequentially in the hangingwall of the evolving Maghlaq growth fault. PCBs formed first due to fault-controlled subsidence and vertical loading; a (semi-)tectonic control on PCB formation is thus documented for the first time in an extensional setting. Pressure solution (dominating SCSBs) and cataclasis (dominating CCSBs) appear to have operated separately, and not in concert. Our findings therefore suggest that, in some carbonate rocks, cataclasis within deformation bands may develop irrespective of whether pressure solution processes are involved. We suggest this may be related to stress state, and that whereas pressure solution is a significant facilitator of grain size reduction in contractional settings, grain size reduction within deformation bands in extensional settings is less dependent on pressure solution processes.

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“…12E), but is rare. No band-parallel transgranular pressure solution seams Cilona et al, 2012) are observed.…”

Section: Cataclasis-dominated Compactive Shear Bands (Type 2b)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Rotevatn¹,

Thorsheim²,

Bastesen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Chemically induced compaction bands: Triggering conditions and band thickness

Stefanou

Sulem

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth

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During compaction band formation, various mechanisms can be involved at different scales.Mechanical and chemical degradation of the solid skeleton and grain damage are important factors that may trigger instabilities in the form of compaction bands. Here we explore the conditions of compaction band formation in quartz-and carbonate-based geomaterials by considering the effect of chemical dissolution and grain breakage. As the stresses/deformations evolve, the grains of the material break, leading to an increase of their specific surface. Consequently, their dissolution is accelerated and chemical softening is triggered. By accounting for (a) the mass diffusion of the system, (b) a macroscopic failure criterion with dissolution softening, and (c) the reaction kinetics at the microlevel, a model is proposed and the conditions for compaction instabilities are investigated. Distinguishing the microscale (grain level) from the macrolevel (representative elementary volume) and considering the heterogeneous microstructure of the representative elementary volume, it is possible to discuss the thickness and periodicity of compaction bands. Two case studies are investigated. The first one concerns a sandstone rock reservoir which is water flooded and the second one a carbonate rock in which CO 2 is injected for storage. It is shown that compaction band instabilities are possible in both cases.

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Time-independent compaction behavior of quartz sands

Brzesowsky

Spiers

Peach

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth

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Mechanisms such as grain rearrangement, coupled with elastic deformation and grain breakage, are believed to play an important role in the time-independent compaction of sands, controlling porosity and permeability reduction during burial of clastic sediments and during depletion of highly porous reservoir sandstones. We performed uniaxial compaction experiments on sands at room temperature to systematically investigate the effect of loading history, loading rate, grain size, initial porosity, and chemical environment on compaction. Acoustic emission counting and microstructural methods were used to verify the microphysical compaction mechanisms operating. All tests showed quasi-elastic loading behavior accompanied by permanent deformation, involving elastic grain contact distortion, particle rearrangement, and grain failure. Loading history, grain size, and initial porosity significantly affected stress-strain behavior, with increasing grain size and initial porosity promoting compaction. In contrast, chemical environment and loading rate had little effect. The results formed the basis for a microphysical model aimed at explaining the observed compaction behavior. Two extreme cases were modeled: (I) a pack of spherical grains with a distributed flaw size at failure and (II) a pack of nonspherical grains with a constant mean crack size at failure but a distributed effective surface radius of curvature characterizing distributed contact asperity amplitudes. The best agreement with the grain-size-and porosity-dependent trends observed in our experiments was obtained using case (II) of the model. Combining our experimental and modeling results, it was inferred that a grain-size-dependent departure from sphericity of the grains exerts a key control on the compaction behavior of sands.

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Deformation bands in porous carbonate grainstones: Field and laboratory observations

Cited by 92 publications

References 59 publications

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implications for deformation mechanisms in different tectonic regimes

Chemically induced compaction bands: Triggering conditions and band thickness

Time-independent compaction behavior of quartz sands

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