Defining attention from an auditory perspective

Noyce, Abigail; Kwasa, Jasmine; Shinn‐Cunningham, Barbara G.

doi:10.1002/wcs.1610

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Such spatial auditory selective attention occurs through coordinated activity in multiple areas of the brain, including prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and auditory cortex (Alho et al, 2014; Choi et al, 2014; Deng et al, 2019, 2020; Noyce et al, 2022). Attention modulates the information represented in auditory cortex, enhancing the representation of a target and suppressing the representation of maskers (Noyce et al, 2021; Auerbach and Gritton, 2022). Spatial auditory attention is less effective in listeners with hearing loss; indeed, performance is inversely correlated with spatial discrimination thresholds (Dai et al, 2018; Bonacci et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we propose that magnified ILDs enhance spatial perception of the vocoded / BiCI stimuli, allowing listeners to filter out masker-dominated frequencies / time instances that are perceived as off midline and focus attention on the target. When spatial cues do not meaningfully change the TMR, as in experiments in which only ITDs are manipulated, spatial selective auditory attention allows NH listeners to attend to a target amongst spatially separated maskers (Shinn-Cunningham and Best, 2008;Shinn-Cunningham, 2017;Noyce et al, 2021). Such spatial auditory selective attention occurs through coordinated activity in multiple areas of the brain, including prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and auditory cortex (Alho et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2014;Deng et al, 2019Deng et al, , 2020Noyce et al, 2022).…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Magnified interaural level differences enhance spatial release from masking in bilateral cochlear implant users

Richardson,

Kainerstorfer,

Shinn-Cunningham

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bilateral cochlear implant (BiCI) usage makes binaural benefits a possibility. However, access to interaural time difference (ITD) cues is limited, leaving users reliant on interaural level difference (ILD) cues for binaural tasks. But even ILD cues may not be as salient for BiCI users as for normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Thus, the benefits that BiCI listeners obtain when target and masker are spatially separated are limited. Here, we explore whether magnifying ILD cues improves masked speech intelligibility for BiCI listeners in a “symmetrical-masker” configuration, which controls for improvements to target-to-masker ratio (TMR) at the ear nearer the target from naturally occurring ILD cues. We magnified ILDs by estimating moment-to-moment ITDs in 1-octave-wide frequency bands and applying corresponding ILDs to the target-masker mixtures at each ear in two experiments: with NH listeners using vocoded stimuli and with BiCI users. ILD magnification significantly improved intelligibility in both experiments. CI listeners showed no improvement with natural ILDs, even for the largest target-masker separation. Because ILD magnification is applied to the mixed signals at each ear, the strategy does not alter the TMR; therefore, the improvements to masked speech intelligibility observed are not due to improved TMR, but likely from improved perceptual separation of the competing sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnified interaural level differences enhance spatial release from masking in bilateral cochlear implant users

Richardson,

Kainerstorfer,

Shinn-Cunningham

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Some studies also found that the frontal cortex could modulate auditory cortical excitability in humans [37] and nonhuman primates [38] . A recent review suggested that at least two similar attention networks exist for visual and auditory modalities [39] . We found that the functional connectivities of the frontalleft-temporal cortex in the alpha (6-10 Hz) band could shape the beta band power in the temporal cortex in the beep-flash paradigm.…”

Section: Frontal Cortex Affected Individual Psss By Modulated Sensory...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not alpha power: prestimulus beta power predicts the magnitude of individual temporal order bias for audiovisual stimuli

Jiang,

wang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Individuals exhibit significant variations in audiovisual temporal order perception. Previous studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying these individual differences by analyzing ongoing neural oscillations using stimuli specific to each participant. This study explored whether these effects could extend to different paradigms with the same stimuli across subjects in each paradigm. The two human participants groups performed a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task in two experimental paradigms while recording EEG. One is the beep-flash paradigm, while the other is the stream-bounce paradigm. We focused on the correlation between individual temporal order bias (i.e., point of subjective simultaneity (PSS)) and spontaneous neural oscillations. In addition, we also explored whether the frontal cortex could modulate the correlation through a simple mediation model. We found that the beta band power in the auditory cortex could negatively predict the individual's PSS in the beep-flash paradigm. Similarly, the same effects were observed in the visual cortex during the stream-bounce paradigm. Furthermore, the frontal cortex could influence the power in the sensory cortex and further shape the individual's PSS. These results suggested that the individual's PSS was modulated by auditory or visual cortical excitability depending on the experimental stimuli. The frontal cortex could shape the relation between sensory cortical excitability and the individual's PSS in a top-down manner. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the prefrontal cortex could effectively regulate an individual's temporal order bias, providing insights into audiovisual temporal order perception mechanisms and potential interventions for modulating temporal perception.

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