2019
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00371
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Abstract: Carnivorous sponges belonging to family Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) are unique within phylum Porifera due to their ability to capture and envelop small prey. While other sponges use an aquiferous system to filter water, the aquiferous system of the cladorhizids is partially reduced or completely absent. Carnivorous sponges can be found worldwide at all depths, but are more common in the deep sea, where oligotrophic conditions containing less suspended particles may favor a carnivoro… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Among these, carnivorous demosponges belonging to the family Cladorhizidae are of equivalent size, and moreover are most common in analogous deep-water settings characterized by oligotrophic conditions and low densities of suspended food particles. 16 , 17 The harp sponge ( Chondrocladia lyra ) is particularly noteworthy in this context, being constructed of between one and six vanes that consist of vertical branches arising from horizontal stolons. 17 , 18
Figure 1 Pectinifrons abyssalis from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada (A–C) Photographs of steep ‘U’-shaped (A), ‘S’-shaped (B), and gentle ‘U’-shaped (C) morphotypes of Pectinifrons .
…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Among these, carnivorous demosponges belonging to the family Cladorhizidae are of equivalent size, and moreover are most common in analogous deep-water settings characterized by oligotrophic conditions and low densities of suspended food particles. 16 , 17 The harp sponge ( Chondrocladia lyra ) is particularly noteworthy in this context, being constructed of between one and six vanes that consist of vertical branches arising from horizontal stolons. 17 , 18
Figure 1 Pectinifrons abyssalis from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada (A–C) Photographs of steep ‘U’-shaped (A), ‘S’-shaped (B), and gentle ‘U’-shaped (C) morphotypes of Pectinifrons .
…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 16 , 17 The harp sponge ( Chondrocladia lyra ) is particularly noteworthy in this context, being constructed of between one and six vanes that consist of vertical branches arising from horizontal stolons. 17 , 18
Figure 1 Pectinifrons abyssalis from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada (A–C) Photographs of steep ‘U’-shaped (A), ‘S’-shaped (B), and gentle ‘U’-shaped (C) morphotypes of Pectinifrons . Scale bars: 5 cm.
…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Deep-sea sponges are found globally in a range of settings, such as fjords, continental shelf edges/slopes, mid-ocean ridges, and seamounts (Cárdenas and Rapp, 2015;Roberts et al, 2018;Kazanidis et al, 2019;Meyer et al, 2020). They also occur across a wide depth range, through the mesopelagic and bathyal zones and even at abyssal and hadal depths (Vacelet, 2007;Hestetun et al, 2019). The numerous known sponge-dominated communities spread throughout the North Atlantic Ocean include boreo-Arctic astrophorid grounds (Klitgaard and Tendal, 2004;Murillo et al, 2012;Cárdenas et al, 2013;Knudby et al, 2013;Roberts et al, 2018): multispecific assemblages of large astrophorid species and/or glass sponges (Hexactinellida), which are often further classified as either boreal (e.g., off the Faroe Islands, Norway, South of Iceland, the Labrador and Newfoundland shelves, and parts of Davis Strait) or cold-water grounds (e.g., north of Iceland, the Denmark Strait, off East Greenland, and north of Svalbard).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The collection of marine organisms is a process with a degree of technical complexity and requires a methodological approach that has to be adjusted according to the organisms that are being studied. Benthic organisms such as corals, sponges, cyanobacteria, algae, mollusk, and tunicates are generally collected by SCUBA divers at depths of 5–40 m; beyond this, in the mesophotic region (40–200 m) and deep-sea, remote operated vehicles (ROVs) and bottom trawls are often used (Hestetun et al, 2019 ; Jackson et al, 2014 ; Pham et al, 2019 ). There are considerable differences between these last two methods: ROVs allow the selective collection of target organisms while bottom trawls remove whole individuals indiscriminately with a negative environmental impact in many cases.…”
Section: Sample Preparation and Extraction: How To Maximize The Numbe...mentioning
confidence: 99%