Deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change in the Californian coastal dune endemic trapdoor spider<i>Aptostichus simus</i>

Bond, Jason E.; Hedin, Marshal; Ramirez, Martin G.; Opell, Brent D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01233.x

Cited by 191 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…Th eir results suggested that a morphological species concept could greatly underestimate true evolutionary diversity since spider genitalia may not evolve as rapidly and divergently as previously believed (Bond et al 2001;Hedin 1997). Morphospecies demonstrating high genetic divergence without comparable morphological divergence may therefore represent species complexes (Bond et al 2001). Pardosa groenlandica, one of the species that was widely sampled in this study, and with high intraspecifi c divergence value (max =3.87%), may also represent a species complex but may not be completely cryptic.…”

Section: Potential Causes Of Anomalous Values In Published Datamentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Within single populations in California, Bond et al (2001) found haplotypes of the trapdoor spider Aptostichus simus with divergences ranging from 6-12%. Th eir results suggested that a morphological species concept could greatly underestimate true evolutionary diversity since spider genitalia may not evolve as rapidly and divergently as previously believed (Bond et al 2001;Hedin 1997). Morphospecies demonstrating high genetic divergence without comparable morphological divergence may therefore represent species complexes (Bond et al 2001).…”

Section: Potential Causes Of Anomalous Values In Published Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th ese factors represent major obstacles for large ecological studies and biotic surveys of spiders but are ones that could be overcome by DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding could also assist in both distinguishing species with similar morphologies (sister species), a common issue with spiders due to their overall long-term evolutionary morphological stasis (Bond et al 2001), as well as in resolving the status of subspecies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for using DNA barcoding to identify spiders in species-rich genera

Blagoev¹,

Hebert²,

Adamowicz³

et al. 2009

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Citation: Robinson EA, Blagoev GA, Hebert PDN, Adamowicz SJ (2009) Prospects for using DNA barcoding to identify spiders in species-rich genera. In: Stoev P, Dunlop J, Lazarov S (Eds) A life caught in a spider's web. Papers in arachnology in honour of Christo Abstract While previous research has indicated the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying spider species sampled from a localized region, the eff ectiveness of this method over a broader geographic scale and with denser taxon sampling has not yet been extensively considered. Using both new and published data from 1801 individuals belonging to 361 morphospecies, this study examined intra-and interspecifi c divergences for 19 genera that were each represented by at least 10 morphospecies. We particularly focused on increasing species-level sampling in order to better characterize levels of interspecifi c divergence within species-rich genera and to examine the prevalence of a "barcode gap" (discontinuity between intra-and interspecifi c divergences). Overall, the mean intraspecifi c divergence value was found to be 2.15%, the average maximum intraspecifi c divergence was 3.16%, while the mean divergence between nearest interspecifi c neighbours was 6.77%, demonstrating the typical presence of a barcode gap. Of the 66% of morphospecies that formed monophyletic sequence clusters, the majority (92.5%) possessed a barcode gap. We also examine possible biological explanations for the large proportion of paraphyletic and polyphyletic clusters and discuss the need for further taxonomic investigations. Th e overlap between intra-and interspecifi c divergences was not unexpected for some 'species', such as Pardosa groenlandica, since prior morphological studies have suggested that it is an example of a species complex. However, other cases of high intraspecifi c divergences may refl ect cryptic species diversity, indicating the need for a taxonomic approach that combines both morphological and molecular methods. Th e list of the species, COI sequences, and source references used in the analysis is published as a dataset under doi: 10.3897/zookeys.16.239.app.A.ds. Th e list of analyzed species, mean and maximum intraspecifi c divergences, distances to the nearest neighbouring species in its genus, general localities, and lifestyle characteristics is published as a dataset under doi: 10.3897/zookeys.16.239.app.B.ds.

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Section: Potential Causes Of Anomalous Values In Published Datamentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Potential Causes Of Anomalous Values In Published Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for using DNA barcoding to identify spiders in species-rich genera

Blagoev¹,

Hebert²,

Adamowicz³

et al. 2009

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“…1) suggest that speciation probably occurs initially by isolation of populations to small geographic areas, with ecological divergences developing later, if at all. This pattern is known in many low vagility, ecologically and morphologically conservative invertebrates (Bond et al 2001). However, the presence of recently evolved/ecologically and morphologically distinct populations with low sequence divergence ( fig.…”

Section: Species Delimitation In Xantusiamentioning

confidence: 84%

Testing Species Boundaries in an Ancient Species Complex with Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae)

Sinclair¹,

Bezy²,

Bolles³

et al. 2004

The American Naturalist

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Identification of species in natural populations has recently received increased attention with a number of investigators proposing rigorous methods for species delimitation. Morphologically conservative species (or species complexes) with deep phylogenetic histories (and limited gene flow) are likely to pose particular problems when attempting to delimit species, yet this is crucial to comparative studies of the geography of speciation. We apply two methods of species delimitation to an ancient group of lizards (genus Xantusia) that occur throughout southwestern North America. Mitochondrial cytochrome b and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene sequences were generated from samples taken throughout the geographic range of Xantusia. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and nested cladogram analyses were used to estimate relationships among haplotypes and to infer evolutionary processes. We found multiple well-supported independent lineages within Xantusia, for which there is considerable discordance with the currently recognized taxonomy. High levels of sequence divergence (21.3%) suggest that the pattern in Xantusia may predate the vicariant events usually hypothesized for the fauna of the Baja California peninsula, and the existence of deeply divergent clades (18.8%-26.9%) elsewhere in the complex indicates the occurrence of ancient sundering events whose genetic signatures were not erased by the late Wisconsin vegetation changes. We present a revised taxonomic arrangement for this genus consistent with the distinct mtDNA lineages and discuss the phylogeographic history of this genus as a model system for studies of speciation in North American deserts.

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“…Yet, there are limited genetic data to substantiate this assumption. Several studies report genetic differentiation within and among populations of subsocial spiders, as a result of philopatry, restricted dispersal, or founder events (Johannesen et al 1998, Johannesen and Lubin 1999Bond et al 2001;Pedersen and Loeschcke 2001). In contrast, population genetic studies of solitary species document low genetic differentiation despite a bias towards investigations of species that are suspected to be restricted in either dispersal ability or habitat availability (Ramirez and Fandino 1996;Boulton et al 1998;Ramirez and Haakonsen 1999;Tso et al 2002;Bonte et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Transition to Social Inbred Mating Systems in Spiders: Role of Inbreeding Tolerance in a Subsocial Predecessor

Bilde

Lubin

Smith³

et al. 2005

Evolution

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Abstract. The social spiders are unusual among cooperatively breeding animals in being highly inbred. In contrast, most other social organisms are outbred owing to inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. The social spiders appear to originate from solitary subsocial ancestors, implying a transition from outbreeding to inbreeding mating systems. Such a transition may be constrained by inbreeding avoidance tactics or fitness loss due to inbreeding depression. We examined whether the mating system of a subsocial spider, in a genus with three social congeners, is likely to facilitate or hinder the transition to inbreeding social systems. Populations of subsocial Stegodyphus lineatus are substructured and spiders occur in patches, which may consist of kin groups. We investigated whether male mating dispersal prevents matings within kin groups in natural populations. Approximately half of the marked males that were recovered made short moves (Ͻ 5m) and mated within their natal patch. This potential for inbreeding was counterbalanced by a relatively high proportion of immigrant males. In mating experiments, we tested whether inbreeding actually results in lower offspring fitness. Two levels of inbreeding were tested: full sibling versus non-sib matings and matings of individuals within and between naturally occurring patches of spiders. Neither full siblings nor patch mates were discriminated against as mates. Sibling matings had no effect on direct fitness traits such as fecundity, hatching success, time to hatching and survival of the offspring, but negatively affected offspring growth rates and adult body size of both males and females. Neither direct nor indirect fitness measures differed significantly between within patch and between-patch pairs. We tested the relatedness between patch mates and nonpatch mates using DNA fingerprinting (TE-AFLP). Kinship explained 30% of the genetic variation among patches, confirming that patches are often composed of kin. Overall, we found limited male dispersal, lack of kin discrimination, and tolerance to low levels of inbreeding. These results suggest a history of inbreeding which may reduce the frequency of deleterious recessive alleles in the population and promote the evolution of inbreeding tolerance. It is likely that the lack of inbreeding avoidance in subsocial predecessors has facilitated the transition to regular inbreeding social systems.

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Deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change in the Californian coastal dune endemic trapdoor spiderAptostichus simus

Cited by 191 publications

References 50 publications

Prospects for using DNA barcoding to identify spiders in species-rich genera

Prospects for using DNA barcoding to identify spiders in species-rich genera

Testing Species Boundaries in an Ancient Species Complex with Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae)

The Transition to Social Inbred Mating Systems in Spiders: Role of Inbreeding Tolerance in a Subsocial Predecessor

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