Deep Injection Disposal of Liquid Radioactive Waste in Russia, 1963–2002: Results and Consequences

Rybalchenko, A.I.; Pimenov, M. K.; Kurochkin, Vitaly M.; Kamnev, E. N.; Korotkevich, V.M.; Zubkov, A.A.; Khafizov, R. R.

doi:10.1016/s0167-5648(05)52002-1

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Due to its toxicity, nitric acid is not used in the chemical industry for the production of modified materials. Currently in Russia, there are plants that still dump liquid radioactive waste into deep layers of geological structures and in artificial surface repositories [33][34][35][36][37]. Nitric acid is used to prepare liquid radioactive waste for disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

et al. 2017

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This paper discusses the mechanism of montmorillonite structural alteration and modification of bentonites' properties (based on samples from clay deposits Taganskoye, Kazakhstan and Mukhortala, Buriatia) under thermochemical treatment (treatment with inorganic acid solutions at different temperatures, concentrations and reaction times). Treatment conditions were chosen according to those accepted in chemical industry for obtaining acid modified clays as catalysts or sorbents. Also, more intense treatment was carried out to simulate possible influence at the liquid radioactive site repositories. A series of methods was used: XRD, FTIR, ICP-AES, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, and particle size analysis. It allowed revealing certain processes: transformation of montmorillonite structure which appears in the leaching of interlayer and octahedral cations and protonation of the interlayer and -OH groups at octahedral sheets. In turn, changes in the structure of the 2:1 layer of montmorillonite and its interlayer result in significant alterations in the properties: reduction of cation exchange capacity and an increase of specific surface area. Acid treatment also leads to a redistribution of particle sizes and changes the pore system. The results of the work showed that bentonite clays retain a significant portion of their adsorption properties even after a prolonged and intense thermochemical treatment (1 M HNO 3 , 60 • C, 108 h).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

et al. 2017

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“…The complete characteristic of the repository was given earlier [14]. Water samples were studied in the summer periods of 1998-2001 at increasing number of wells.…”

Section: Site Characteristics and Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiochemical analysis of tritium, 14 C, and 90 Sr were performed in groundwater using an LS-6500 Beckman automatic scintillation counter (Beckman, Richland, WA). For analysis of a radiation and c activity water samples were dried, the obtained sediments were weighed and their activity was measured using an alpha spectrometer NZQ-605 (Prague, Czech Republic) and a c spectrometer (Canberra, IL) [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Radioisotope Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such site is the Severnyi disposal site at the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC) in Eastern Siberia (Zheleznogorsk, Russia). The deep Severnyi repository has been receiving waste since 1967, with approximately 2.8 Â 10 6 m 3 of waste with a total activity of about 100 millions Ci disposed of to date [14]. Liquid radioactive wastes injected into subsurface horizons of the repository contain fission products of uranium, sodium salts (nitrate, acetate, carbonate, and sulfate), and ions of several metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology of formation waters from the deep repository of liquid radioactive wastes Severnyi

Назина

Kosareva

Petrunyaka

et al. 2004

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The presence, diversity, and geochemical activity of microorganisms in the Severnyi repository of liquid radioactive wastes were studied. Cultivable anaerobic denitrifiers, fermenters, sulfate-reducers, and methanogens were found in water samples from a depth of 162-405 m below sea level. Subsurface microorganisms produced methane from [2-(14)C]acetate and [(14)C]CO(2), formed hydrogen sulfide from Na(2) (35)SO(4), and reduced nitrate to dinitrogen in medium with acetate. The cell numbers of all studied groups of microorganisms and rates of anaerobic processes were higher in the zone of dispersion of radioactive wastes. Microbial communities present in the repository were able to utilise a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds and components of waste (acetate, nitrate, and sulfate) both aerobically and anaerobically. Bacterial production of gases may result in a local increase of the pressure in the repository and consequent discharge of wastes onto the surface. Microorganisms can indirectly decrease the mobility of radionuclides due to consumption of oxygen and production of sulfide, which favours deposition of metals. These results show the necessity of long-term microbiological and radiochemical monitoring of the repository.

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“…This study is performed for the needs of performance assessment at the liquid nuclear waste injection site at Siberian Chemical Combine, SCC. The wastes at SCC are injected at two sites [7,8]. Low-level radioactive wastes are deposited at the first site in the geological horizons II and III located at the depths of 349-386 m and 270-320 m below sea level, respectively.…”

Section: Xoh Expðàfc=rtþmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and Speciation of Uranium on Silica Colloids

Batuk

Shiryaev

Kalmykov

et al. 2011

Actinide Nanoparticle Research

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Sorption behavior of uranium onto silica colloids is studied to derive surface complexation data. Several spectroscopic and structural methods, i.e., Time-resolved Laser-induced Fluorescence (TRLIF), X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), and Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) are employed for characterization of colloid suspensions and surface-sorbed species. TRLIF and EXAFS allowed identification of two principal uranium species on the silica surfacebidentate coordinated uranyl complexes of the following stoichiometries (SiO) 2 UO 2 and (SiO) 2 UO 2 OH À . No polynuclear species or surface precipitates are formed as shown by EXAFS and SAXS examination of suspensions at various silica/uranium ratios. However, when uranium coverage of the silica surface exceeds 7%, the colloid stability as determined by electrophoretic mobility increases. Potentially, this could affect colloid-facilitated transport.

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Deep Injection Disposal of Liquid Radioactive Waste in Russia, 1963–2002: Results and Consequences

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

Microbiology of formation waters from the deep repository of liquid radioactive wastes Severnyi

Sorption and Speciation of Uranium on Silica Colloids

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