Decomposition of banten ilmenite by caustic fusion process for TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalytic applications

Aristanti, Y; Supriyatna, Yayat Iman; Masduki, N P; Soepriyanto, Syoni

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/285/1/012005

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From table 1, the elemental composition in Banten ilmenite with a particle size of -100+150 mesh is iron with a content of 56.048%, titanium with a content of 37.120% and the rest are impurities such as magnesium, aluminum, silicon, vanadium, and others in their oxide form for the phase contained in Banten ilmenite with a particle size of -100+150 mesh is ilmenite (FeTiO3). It is proven by the results of the XRD analysis which can be seen in Figure 1 with the sample code MS 31 and the result can be compared with the result of research from Aristanti [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, the fused frit was leached by using water in a ratio of 1:5 (w/v), after which it was dried. Then the acid leaching process was conducted using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid with a concentration of 6.5M with leaching temperature of 90 °C and a leaching time of 240 minutes [2,6,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Banten iron sand is used because Banten has a large estimated reserves of iron sand (7,118,890 tons). TiO2 levels in Banten ilmenite are 29 -30% [6]. In addition, based on information obtained from residents of Rancecet, there is a lot of iron sand mining in the area that has not been further used because the iron sand processing plant in the area has stopped operating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Ginting,

Manaf,

Astuti

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Ilmenite is found in the form of iron sand with reserves of 927,315,827 tons spread across several regions in Indonesia, including Banten which has seven million tons of iron sand. This mineral can be used as a raw material for making TiO2 pigments. The problem faced in the use of Ilmenite is its complex mineral structure which causes difficulties at the processing stage. The synthesis of TiO2 from ilmenite ore commonly used the sulfate process and the chloride process. The sulfate process is less environmentally friendly, has excessive costs, and produces a lot of liquid waste. While the chloride process requires high-grade raw materials and requires chlorine gas. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of TiO2 from ilmenite Banten using caustic fusion, acid leaching using hydrochloric acid, and the use of citric acid were conducted. Caustic fusion is conducted with ratio between ilmenite and NaOH is 1:2, with a fusion temperature of 850 °C and a fusion time of 60 minutes. Then next process is water leaching and acid leaching. The result of this study is that the TiO2 obtained from each acid leaching is hydrochloric acid leaching producing powder pigment with 94.189% TiO2, acetic acid leaching producing 37.099% TiO2, citric acid leaching producing 41.480% and hydrochloric acid leaching without fusion process producing 43.991% TiO2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Ginting,

Manaf,

Astuti

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Some ilmenites are difficult to dissolve in HCl and must first be oxidized and reduced, but a few are moderately dissolvable in HCl immediately [14][15][16][17][18]. Caustic fusion is one alternative method that is more environmentally friendly by using alkalis such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed by acid leaching [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

Supriyatna,

Prasetya,

Astuti

et al. 2024

Indones. J. Chem.

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Minerals containing TiO2 are common in Indonesia, such as ilmenite in iron sand deposits scattered along the country's coasts. Ilmenite is an important source of titanium. One method for making TiO2 from ilmenite is by solubilizing both the Fe and Ti elements in HCl and then immediately hydrolyze the Ti. The leaching of low-grade ilmenite (ground to 0.177-0.149 mm) is studied kinetically by HCl in a stirred reactor. The research was conducted using the caustic fusion method followed by HCl leaching. The leaching reaction kinetics at the optimum conditions are analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) with a second-order polynomial equation model and SSE with the shrinking core model (SCM). The results showed that HCl concentration and leaching time were directly proportional to the leached titanium concentration. In contrast, the leaching temperature was inversely proportional. The optimum operating conditions were obtained at a temperature of 30 °C, 9 M HCl, and 120 min of leaching time. The shrinking core model is a better representation of the kinetics than RSM with a second-order polynomial equation model. Based on SCM, the rate of the leaching reaction of titanium from low-grade ilmenite is controlled by diffusion through the ash layer.

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“…NaOH can precipitate heavy metals and control water acidity [13,14]. In the previous study of TiO2 extraction from iron sand, Banten used the method of fusion caustic, which consists of reacting iron sand with targeted NaOH to break the bond Fe-Ti-O compound in ilmenite and form frits [15]. Furthermore, purified iron using an alkalization method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of synthesis nanoparticles Fe3O4 based on iron sand Sumbawa

Bahtiar,

Widyawati,

Yanuar

et al. 2023

J. Pijar.MIPA

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Iron sand generally contains minerals such as ilmenite, magnetite, and hematite. Based on the results of previous tests, the main composition of iron sand in Rhee, Sumbawa regency, is magnetite. One method to increase the Fe content in iron sand is by pre-treatment with NaOH. NaOH is also used to precipitate heavy metals in a mineral. In this study, three variations were carried out with the ratio of NaOH: iron sand, namely: 1: 4, 2: 4, and 3: 4 at a temperature of 300 C. Furthermore, the calcination results were followed by the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the coprecipitation method. The results of the XRF characterization showed an increase in Fe levels after being processed by the alkalization treatment. The highest concentration was obtained in 1:4, with a Fe percentage of 91.1%. The results of the XRD characterization showed that the synthesis of Fe3O4 was successfully carried out with single phase Fe3O4 amlording to the data reference 96-9005839 forms and the space group F d -3 m. Crystal size analysis Using the Debey-Scherrer equation, the respective sizes were 12.7 nm, 8.71 nm, and 9.76 nm, respectively.

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Decomposition of banten ilmenite by caustic fusion process for TiO₂ photocatalytic applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

Preparation of synthesis nanoparticles Fe3O4 based on iron sand Sumbawa

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Decomposition of banten ilmenite by caustic fusion process for TiO2 photocatalytic applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Low-Grade Ilmenite Leaching Kinetics Using Hydrochloric Acid: RSM and SCM Approaches

Preparation of synthesis nanoparticles Fe3O4 based on iron sand Sumbawa

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Decomposition of banten ilmenite by caustic fusion process for TiO₂ photocatalytic applications

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten

Study of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Extraction Process from Ilmenite Banten