Deciphering Earth's Natural Hourglasses: Perspectives On Source-To-Sink Analysis

Helland‐Hansen, William; Sømme, Tor O.; Martinsen, Ole J.; Lunt, Ian A.; Thurmond, John B.

doi:10.2110/jsr.2016.56

Cited by 121 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…The influence of source catchment morphology on sediment discharge, grain size distributions, sediment composition and a range in source-derived perturbations in sediment discharge to the terrestrial sink, will have a broader influence on the source-to-sink system (see Helland-Hansen et al, 2016). A change in sediment discharge and composition at the marine sink may reflect a change in source catchment controls on the terrestrial sink.…”

Section: Terrestrial Sink Influence On the Source To Sink Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a geomorphological and sedimentological perspective, the catchment defines the sediment routing system from source, transport and deposition of siliclastic material, otherwise known as the sourceto-sink system (for a comprehensive review, see Helland-Hansen et al, 2016). The terrestrial sink or modern terrestrial sedimentary basin represents areas of Earth's surface that are undergoing subsidence and creating accommodation space for potential sediment preservation (Jervey, 1988;Blum and Tornqvist, 2000;Romans et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The terrestrial sink or modern terrestrial sedimentary basin represents areas of Earth's surface that are undergoing subsidence and creating accommodation space for potential sediment preservation (Jervey, 1988;Blum and Tornqvist, 2000;Romans et al, 2016). Given that the sedimentary rock record is a history of only the preserved depositional record (Miall, 2014), distinguishing modern terrestrial sinks from their erosional counterpart, and understanding the spatial and temporal coupling between the two, is an important factor in applying geomorphological observations of the present to the past (Davidson et al, 2013;Helland-Hansen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of rivers to terrestrial sinks: Implications for sediment routing systems

2018

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Empirical observations used to constrain controls on large global modern river systems typically use catchment delineations depicting drainage patterns of rivers to oceans. A key component in the spatial and temporal discharge of sediment to oceans are terrestrial sinks that act as buffers and sequestrate sediment and nutrients along its route, however, a global catchment model depicting the drainage patterns of rivers to terrestrial sinks does not currently exist. We propose a new global terrestrial sink catchment (GTSC) database that delineates the distribution of high-resolution global river networks in relation to mapped modern terrestrial sinks. The results show a distinct set of characteristics defining the morphology, climate, lithology and sediment discharge of source catchments contributing to terrestrial sinks by tectonic regime. Foreland, intracratonic, extensional and strike-slip tectonic regimes are characterized by small, numerous, densely spaced and wide source catchments where the largest source catchment contributes on average 50%, 43%, 36% and 36%, respectively, of the total suspended sediment load. Forearc and passive margin tectonic regimes are characterized by few, large source catchments where the largest source catchment contributes on average 64% and 63% of the total suspended sediment load. In contrast to forearc and passive margin settings, foreland, intracratonic, extensional and strike-slip settings show source catchments with a range of lithologies and a dominance of seasonal climates, which will likely increase along-strike variability in sediment discharge to their terrestrial sink. The variability of along-strike sediment discharge, sediment composition and source-derived perturbations in sediment discharge to the terrestrial sink will influence the sediments stored and propagation of sediment discharge signals. On geological timescales, marine sedimentary successions and the sediment routing system, likely represents the characteristics of remobilized terrestrial sink sediments during millennial scale perturbations in water discharge. The GTSC database provides a valuable resource to further our quantitative understanding on the role of the terrestrial sink on the broader sediment routing system.

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Section: Terrestrial Sink Influence On the Source To Sink Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of rivers to terrestrial sinks: Implications for sediment routing systems

2018

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“…An understanding of the mass balances from catchments to ultimate sediment sinks is important because they illuminate the links between long-term mass fluxes and filling of sedimentary basins, and the patterns of erosion and denudation that record Earth history (Bhattacharya et al, 2016;Helland-Hansen et al, 2016). It is also important in order to predict sedimentary environments and their link to catchments in areas with limited data (e.g., Sømme et al, 2009a), since it increases predictability in reservoir and hydrocarbon exploration (Martinsen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking an Early Triassic delta to antecedent topography: Source-to-sink study of the southwestern Barents Sea margin

et al. 2017

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Present-day catchments adjacent to sedimentary basins may preserve geomorphic elements that have been active through long intervals of time. Relicts of ancient catchments in present-day landscapes may be investigated using mass-balance models and can give important information about upland landscape evolution and reservoir distribution in adjacent basins. However, such methods are in their infancy and are often difficult to apply in deep-time settings due to later landscape modification.The southern Barents Sea margin of N Norway and NW Russia is ideal for investigating source-to-sink models, because it has been subject to minor tectonic activity since the Carboniferous, and large parts have eluded significant Quaternary glacial erosion. A zone close to the present-day coast has likely acted as the boundary between basin and catchments since the Carboniferous. Around the Permian-Triassic transition, a large delta system started to prograde from the same area as the present-day largest river in the area, the Tana River, which has long been interpreted to show features indicating that it was developed prior to present-day topography. We performed a source-to-sink study of this ancient system in order to investigate potential linkages between present-day geomorphology and ancient deposits.We investigated the sediment load of the ancient delta using well, core, twodimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, and digital elevation models to investigate the geomorphology of the onshore catchment and surrounding areas. Our results imply that the present-day GSA Bulletin; January/February 2018; v. 130 Tana catchment was formed close to the Permian-Triassic transition, and that the Triassic delta system has much better reservoir properties compared to the rest of Triassic basin infill. This implies that landscapes may indeed preserve catchment geometries for extended periods of time, and it demonstrates that source-to-sink techniques can be instrumental in predicting the extent and quality of subsurface reservoirs.

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“…Shelf-margins represent the last interface of source-to-sink systems by driving the sediments from the shoreline-shelf to the slope and basin-floor areas (Helland-Hansen et al, 2016). Studying the evolution of shelf-margin clinoforms can help unravelling how the sediments are partitioned between the shelf and the basin Henriksen et al, 2009;Prather et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shelf-margin architecture and shoreline processes at the shelf-edge: Controls on sediment partitioning and prediction of deep-water deposition style

Paumard

Bourget

Payenberg

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYThe Lower Barrow Group (LBG; Latest Tithonian -Early Valanginian) is a shelf-margin that prograded during a late phase of rifting under various subsidence regimes and supply-dominated conditions. A 3D semi-automatic, full-volume seismic interpretation method allow identifying high-order clinothems presenting an estimated cyclicity of ~40,000 yrs, in which a quantitative analysis of the shelfmargin architecture and shorelines processes was conducted. Overall, three and four main types of hydrodynamic regimes and deepwater systems were identified, respectively. Falling to flat shelf-edge trajectories are associated with sediment bypass, whereas rising shelf-edge trajectories are linked with increasing sediment storage on the shelf. While fluvial to wave processes can be dominant in all A/S conditions, results show that fluvial-dominated coastlines are associated with steep high-angle slope clinoforms and short to longer run-out turbidites. Conversely, wave-dominated coastlines are linked to low-angle slope clinoforms and poor turbidite system development (occasional sheet sand and MTDs). The short and longer run-out turbidite systems present a tripartite architecture (canyon / slope valley; channel; lobes) which mostly appear as short-lived, vertically / laterally stacked elements fed my multiple small rivers forming linear ramp systems. Due to the shallow configuration of the margin (<500m), the presence of short slopes and overall high sand-to-mud ratio, the turbidite systems are smaller scale (<50 km) and probably shorter lived than most modern turbidite systems (100-1000 km). This study sheds new lights on the significant role of shelf-margin architecture (slope gradient, hydrodynamic regime) in predicting the deep-water sediment delivery behavior (sediment partitioning, type of deep-water system).

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Deciphering Earth's Natural Hourglasses: Perspectives On Source-To-Sink Analysis

Cited by 121 publications

References 277 publications

The distribution of rivers to terrestrial sinks: Implications for sediment routing systems

The distribution of rivers to terrestrial sinks: Implications for sediment routing systems

Linking an Early Triassic delta to antecedent topography: Source-to-sink study of the southwestern Barents Sea margin

Shelf-margin architecture and shoreline processes at the shelf-edge: Controls on sediment partitioning and prediction of deep-water deposition style

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