Dechlorane Plus (DP) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in South China

Sex-dependent accumulation and maternal transfer of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in South China

“…Several DP dechlorinated analogs have been identified but not quantified in sediments from Lake Ontario and in human serum from an e-waste recycling site in South China (Ren et al, 2009). They were also detected in peregrine eggs from Canada (Guerra et al, 2011), white stork eggs from Spain (Muñoz-Arnanz et al, 2011), muscle and liver of several raptor species from China (Chen et al, 2013), and dust, air, plants, fish, and birds from the same e-waste recycling site as the present study Chen et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011b;Mo et al, 2013). While a number of studies have demonstrated the environmental presence and bioavailability of these dechlorination products, there is still a dearth of information on their sources and potential dechlorination pathways.…”

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

“…In the same study, a good correlation was obtained between air DP concentrations and population in urban centers with populations greater than 1 million, which was likely attributable to local sources rather than transboundary influences (Ren et al, 2008). Similar urban-rural distribution of DP in air and plant was also reported in an e-waste area in South China, where DP levels at the e-waste recycling site were at least one order of magnitude higher than those in the reference site (Chen et al, 2011). Salamova and Hites (2013) observed a similar result with significant correlation between DP concentrations in tree bark and human population (p = 0.028) when they measured brominated and chlorinated flame retardants including DP in the samples from 12 locations around the globe.…”

“…Therefore, these two hypotheses are still needed to be confirmed. DP dechlorination products were commonly reported in biota including human tissues, the levels were generally much lower than those of DP (Ben et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2011Chen et al, , 2013aGuerra et al, 2011;Mo et al, 2013;Muñoz-Arnanz, et al, 2011Peng et al, 2012Peng et al, , 2014Sun et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2011b;Zheng et al, 2010Zheng et al, , 2014. However, an extremely high level was observed in a fresh water food web around DP facility in Huai'an, China, where the concentrations of anti-Cl 10 -DP and anti-Cl 11 -DP was 84.4 ng g −1 lw and 1030 ng g −1 lw, respectively .The dechlorinated products of DP in biota were mainly attributed to accumulation from the external habitat environment rather than internal metabolism, although the gender difference observed in some cases suggested that anti-Cl 11 -DP in the human body may be partly formed from in vivo dechlorination of the anti-isomer (Yan et al, 2012).…”

“…Two dechlorinated breakdown products of DP were generally reported including undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl 11 -DP) and decachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl 10 -DP). The concentrations in air, dust and sediment were generally low or even undetectable in most cases, especially for anti-Cl 10 -DP (Chen et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2014;Zeng et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2010). The exception was that relatively higher levels of anti-Cl 11 -DP were observed in ewaste recycling areas in South China, such as in air (3.68-671 pg m −3 , Chen et al, 2011), indoor dust (nd-20.2 ng g − 1 , Zheng et al, 2010) and sediment (6.32-25.0 ng g −1 dw, Zhang et al, 2011b).…”

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas

“…There are two mechanisms existing for the partitioning process, adsorption onto the aerosol surface and absorption into the aerosol organic matter (Chen et al 2011b). LogK p s of SVOCs were reportedly correlated with the logarithms of their subcooled liquid-vapor pressures (p L s) both in adsorptive and absorptive partitions (Eq.…”