Decays of B, $$B_s$$ B s and $$B_c$$ B c to D-wave heavy–light mesons

Abstract

We study the weak decays ofB (s) and B c into D-wave heavy-light mesons, including We also obtained the forward-backward asymmetry, angular spectra, and lepton momentum spectra. In particular the distribution of decay widths for the 2 − states D 2 and D 2 varying along with mixing angle are presented.

Camera‐based high frequency heterodyne lock‐in carrierographic (frequency‐domain photoluminescence) imaging of crystalline silicon wafers

“…LIC images can only be obtained up to 2 kHz due to the small camera signal at short exposure times at high frequencies. This upper frequency limit is not enough for separating the resolved transport parameters by multi-parameter fitting [21]. Therefore, for homodyne LIC, semiconductor samples can be characterized only by their effective lifetime [24].…”

“…Photocarrier radiometry (PCR) [18], a form of spectrally gated FD PL, uses lock-in detection to record the amplitude and phase of the photo-generated periodic carrier radiative recombination signal. By best fitting the experimental amplitude-and phase-frequency dependences, PCR has been demonstrated to be an effective quantitative methodology for carrier transport parameter determination [19][20][21] and carrier density imaging of Si wafers [20] and solar cells [22]. In contrast to TD PL, PCR features (i) superior SNR by virtue of lock-in detection [23]; and (ii) controllable frequency-dependent ac carrier diffusion length [18] with the potential for depth-selective/ resolved imaging.…”

Monitoring the Diffusion Layer During Passive Film Breakdown on Alloy 800 with Digital Holography

“…The dynamic processes of electrochemical reactions can be studied from the consecutive interferograms which were stored as AVI (audio visual interleaved) files at up to 25 frames per second in a personal computer. In processing, software was developed with MATLAB R2007b for the reconstruction of the phase maps from the AVI video signals [18]. The initial interferogram at the time when the reaction began was selected, and the distribution of phase difference was continually displayed on the PC monitor.…”

“…During the holography experiment, the change in the phase of the object beam is determined by the change in the refractive index inside the cell, which is associated with the changes in concentration caused by the electrochemical reaction. The principle of the experiment is based on the relationships between the phase difference (D/), the solution refractive index (Dn) and the solution concentration (DC), which was expressed as [18]:…”

Investigation into the Anodic Dissolution Processes of Copper in Neutral and Acidic Sulfate Solutions with the In-line Digital Holography

“…17 It is based on a MachZedhner interferometer. Two beams are generated by a He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm.…”