“…Among the various membrane configurations, hollow-fiber membranes have gained significant attention in academia and industry due to their inherent advantages, including a large surface area per unit volume, favorable mechanical strength, and ease of handling. However, the performance of conventional hollow-fiber membranes requires further improvement to achieve highly selective separation while maintaining enhanced thermal and mechanical stability [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”