De novo transcriptome analysis revealed genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, transport and regulation in Ginkgo biloba

Wu, Yaqiong; Guo, Jing; Zhou, Qi; Yue, Xin; Wang, Guibin; Li, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.060

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the oldest and most intriguing gymnosperms, probably emanating from the Permian (approximately 200 million years ago), and it is the only living species in the Ginkgophyta division [1]. Ginkgo is a popular tree native to China with high ecological, ornamental, medical, and scientific value [2][3][4][5]. By the end of the last century, the area of ginkgo plantations had reached nearly 200,000 hectares in China, and the cultivation of ginkgo has become a major source of income in some rural areas [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Bioclimatic Habitat Suitability of Ginkgo biloba L. in China with Field-Test Validations

Guo

Shen

et al. 2019

Forests

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Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is not only considered a ‘living fossil’, but also has important ecological, economic, and medicinal values. However, the impact of climate change on the performance and distribution of this plant is an increasing concern. In this study, we developed a bioclimatic model based on data about the occurrence of ginkgo from 277 locations, and validated model predictions using a wide-ranging field test (12 test sites, located at the areas from 22.49° N to 39.32° N, and 81.11° E to 123.53° E). We found that the degree-days below zero were the most important climate variable determining ginkgo distribution. Based on the model predictions, we classified the habitat suitability for ginkgo into four categories (high, medium, low, and unsuitable), accounting for 9.29%, 6.09%, 8.46%, and 76.16% of China’s land area, respectively. The ANOVA results of the validation test showed significant differences in observed leaf-traits among the four habitat types (p < 0.05), and importantly the rankings of the leaf traits were consistent with our classification of the habitat suitability, suggesting the effectiveness of our classification in terms of biological and economic significance. In addition, we projected that suitable (high and medium) habitats for ginkgo would shrink and shift northward under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios for three future periods (the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s). However, the area of low-suitable habitat would increase, resulting in a slight decrease in unsuitable habitats. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of climate change impact on this plant and provide a scientific basis for developing adaptive strategies for future climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Bioclimatic Habitat Suitability of Ginkgo biloba L. in China with Field-Test Validations

Guo

Shen

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Based on annotated transcriptome sequences [ 18 ], we chose to further explore the important role of the differentially expressed F3′5′H protein in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and metabolism of ginkgo . To isolate the F3′5′H gene, 5′ RACE and 3′ RACE were performed to obtain the full-length cDNA for the putative F3′5′H gene, and the resulting gene was named GbF3′5′H1 (accession number MN862535 in GenBank).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its high environmental adaptability, stress tolerance, ornamental value, and medicinal utilization value, it has been introduced to many countries and regions [ 15 ]. Additionally, it is an important medicinal tree, because its leaves contain flavonoids and terpene lactones with useful pharmacological activities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Currently, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) is one of the most famous products of this species and has been widely used for purposes, including the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular dysfunction disorders [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better understand the process and mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis, the transcriptome profiling of gingko leaves with different flavonoid contents was performed, and 457 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between a relatively high and a relatively low flavonoid content library (from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Short Reads Archive (SRA) database, accession number SRP137637) [ 18 ]. The flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) enzyme gene has a wide range of flavonoid substrate activities and is involved in the biosynthetic pathways leading to flavonols (myricetin and quercetin) and flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin) [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of GbF3′5′H1 Provides a Potential to Improve the Content of Epicatechin and Gallocatechin

Wang

Yue

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) have important medicinal uses due to their antioxidant, antitumor, and blood circulation-promoting effects. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo remain elusive. Flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) is an important enzyme in flavonoid synthesis. We detected a novel differentially expressed GbF3′5′H1 gene homologous to the F3′5′H enzyme involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway through transcriptome sequencing. In this study, we characterized this gene, performed an expression analysis, and heterologously overexpressed GbF3′5′H1 in Populus. Our results showed that GbF3′5′H1 is abundant in the leaf and highly expressed during April. We also found four metabolites closely related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Importantly, the contents of 4′,5-dihydroxy-7-glucosyloxyflavanone, epicatechin, and gallocatechin were significantly higher in transgenic plants than in nontransgenic plants. Our findings revealed that the GbF3′5′H1 gene functions in the biosynthesis of flavonoid-related metabolites, suggesting that GbF3′5′H1 represents a prime candidate for future studies (e.g., gene-editing) aiming to optimize ginkgo flavonoid production, especially that of flavan-3-ols.

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“…Transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing is an effective way to explore the huge genomes of plants like gymnosperms. Several RNA sequencing studies related to gymnosperms have previously been reported [48][49][50][51]. Yet until now few studies have focused on the development of Pinus reproductive organs.…”

Section: Gymnosperm Gene Annotation Using Transcriptome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes

Cao

et al. 2019

Forests

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Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis are two conifer species located in southern China, which are of both economic and ornamental value. Around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, P. massoniana occurs mainly at altitudes below 700 m, while P. hwangshanensis can be found above 900 m. At altitudes where the distribution of both pines overlaps, a natural introgression hybrid exists, which we will further refer to as the Z pine. This pine has a morphological character that shares attributes of both P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis. However, compared to the other two pines, its reproductive structure, the pinecone, has an ultra-low ripening rate with seeds that germinate poorly. In this study, we aimed to find the reason for the impaired cone maturation by comparing transcriptome libraries of P. massoniana and Z pine cones at seven successive growth stages. After sequencing and assembly, we obtained unigenes and then annotated them against NCBI’s non-redundant nucleotide and protein sequences, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology databases. Gene expression levels were estimated and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two pines were mined and analyzed. We found that several of them indeed relate to reproductive process. At every growth stage, these genes are expressed at a higher level in P. massoniana than in the Z pine. These data provide insight into understanding which molecular mechanisms are altered between P. massoniana and the Z pine that might cause changes in the reproductive process.

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De novo transcriptome analysis revealed genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, transport and regulation in Ginkgo biloba

Cited by 67 publications

References 52 publications

Predicting the Bioclimatic Habitat Suitability of Ginkgo biloba L. in China with Field-Test Validations

Predicting the Bioclimatic Habitat Suitability of Ginkgo biloba L. in China with Field-Test Validations

Overexpression of GbF3′5′H1 Provides a Potential to Improve the Content of Epicatechin and Gallocatechin

Pinus massoniana Introgression Hybrids Display Differential Expression of Reproductive Genes

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