De los derechos de los adoptantes al derecho a la identidad: los procedimientos de adopción y la apropiación criminal de niños en la Argentina

Abstract

RESUMEN En este artículo se revisan dos reformas, introducidas en la Argentina a principios de la década del ‘70 y a fines de los años ‘90, con el fin de regular la adopción de niños. En estos contextos históricos, se examinan los sentidos que primaron tanto sobre el vínculo adoptivo, como respecto del papel del Estado en la gestión del parentesco legal. Desde esta perspectiva, se analiza el impacto que tuvieron la apropiación criminal de niños, desarrollada durante el terrorismo de estado (1976–1983) como un “evento crítico” (Das 1995), y las estrategias desplegadas por Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo para lograr la restitución de sus nietos, en los debates y la forma en la que se definió la figura legal de la adopción y las facultades otorgadas a los organismos judiciales y administrativos para concederla.

‘Irregular Adoptions’ in Chile: New Political Narratives About The Right To Know One's Origins

“…The wide diffusion and attention acquired by relevant historical events, such as the ‘stolen babies’ of the Franco regime (Marre, , ; San Román and Rotabi, ) or the crimes against humanity in Argentina (Villalta, , ), that saw the appropriation of the children of disappeared detainees, has drawn society's gaze towards traumatic episodes of violence and suppression of identity in various countries worldwide. In the specific case of ICA, the absence of international regulations was on many occasions a result of irregular practices and the violation of human rights that required political, legislative and procedural reforms at international and local levels.…”

“…In the 1980s, it was one of the six countries sending children for ICA (Selman, 2012). These practices have been analysed in diverse countries or regions from various disciplinary perspectives, including Argentina (Gesteira, 2014;Villalta, 2006Villalta, , 2010, Australia (Murphy, 2011), Guatemala (Posocco, 2011;Rotabi, 2012) and Spain (Marre, 2009(Marre, , 2014San Rom an and Rotabi, 2019) among others. However, in Chile there is still a knowledge and research gap with regard to this topic.…”

The Movement of the Mothers of the Courthouse Square: “Legal Child Trafficking,” Adoption and Poverty in Brazil

“…The general acceptance in Brazil, irrespective of social class, of “Brazilian‐style adoption” ( adoção à brasileira ) is just one example among others (see Fonseca this issue). This practice consists of having a notary register a child as one's biological child (see Collard 2004:255 on the same phenomenon in Haiti, known as “Haitian‐style adoption” and Villalta 2008 for Argentina).…”

“… 5 For details on how the discourse of rescue or “salvation,” traditionally used to refer to poor children and families, was appropriated by the partisans of the military dictatorship in Argentina and applied to the families of “subversives,” see Villalta 2008 and Gandsman, this issue. …”

“… 9 For a similar use of public notice summons to search for parents in some Argentinean courts nowadays, see Villalta (2008). …”