Data-Driven Robust Coordination of Generation and Demand-Side in Photovoltaic Integrated All-Electric Ship Microgrids

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-Energy Maritime Grids

2021

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There are many types of uncertainties during the operation of maritime grids, i.e., demand-side uncertainties, generation-side uncertainties, and failure uncertainties, which are shown in Fig. 5.1.Generally, navigation uncertainties are the main sources of demand-side uncertainties, such as the uncertain wave and wind and the adverse weather conditions. As we have illustrated in former Chap. 2, there are different management tasks of maritime grids, and the navigation uncertainties therefore can bring uncertainties to the demand, such as the propulsion load in ships and the corresponding calls-for-service delay for berthing.For the propulsion load, conventional uncertain wave and wind will add navigation resistance and cause speed loss. To ensure the on-time rates, the power generation system requires a certain power reserve, noted as "sea margin" [1]. Table 5.1 shows the "sea margins" in the main navigation route around this world.From the above table, the "sea margins" are generally within the range of "20%-30%", which represents a general ship design should at least have 30% power reserve [2]. This power reserve range has provided the flexibility for the maritime grids to accommodate navigation uncertainties towards economic and environmental objectives, and also gives the necessity of optimal energy management. When the navigation uncertainties continuously increasing, the route may become not suitable for navigation, and this type of navigation uncertainties is the "adverse weather conditions", the ships need to change another route for safety, which refers to the "weather routing" problems [3][4][5]. Additionally, navigation uncertainties will bring calls-for-service delays, which means the ships cannot arrive at the mission point at the scheduling time, and the service will be delayed. For example, the pre-scheduled

“…This Chapter focuses on the uncertainties of onboard photovoltaic (PV) integration. This research is illustrated in detail in [52].…”

Section: Energy Management For Photovoltaic (Pv) Uncertainties In Aesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Management For Photovoltaic (Pv) Uncertainties In Aesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management of Maritime Grids Under Uncertainties

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-Energy Maritime Grids

2021

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“…Later in [26], demand-side management is used to mitigate the fluctuations of photovoltaic energy. Then [27] proposes a robust demand-side management method for a photovoltaic integrated AES.…”

Section: Renewable Energy and Demand Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-source Energy Management of Maritime Grids

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-Energy Maritime Grids

2021

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The main grid plays as the main power source of land-based maritime grids since the very beginning, such as the seaports and some coastal industries. This type of maritime grids usually operates in a harbor territory and can receive electricity from the harbor city. Some equipment in those maritime grids is driven by electricity and the others may be driven by fossil fuel. Table 8.1 shows the power sources of a terminal port.From Table 8.1, electricity, diesel, petrol and natural gas are four main power sources for a terminal port, especially the electricity and diesel, serving for most of the port-side equipment. When a seaport is less-electrified, the portion from diesel is generally higher. In recent years, the extensive electrification of seaport becomes an irreversible trend, then the electricity now has become the primary power source of a seaport. Diesel now serves for some flexible operating equipment, such as trucks and other carriers. Similar phenomena also happen in other land-based maritime grids, such as coastal factories, since when fully electrified, electricity will serve as the main energy carrier and the main grid will be the main power source. Main EnginesMost types of maritime grids cannot always receive power from the main grid. They mostly operate as islanded microgrids, such as island microgrids, shipboard microgrids, and various working platforms. For the island microgrids, if they cover a wide area, a small-scale or even medium-scale power plant is possible to construct,

“…Chapter 6 has clarified the functions of energy storage in the long-term operation of maritime grids: (1) improving economic and environmental characteristics of maritime grids [5,12,34]; (2) benefiting the operation of onboard equipment [31,32,35]; (3) improving the resilience of maritime grids [36], which are illustrated in Fig. 9.9.…”

Section: Energy Storage Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ways Ahead

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-Energy Maritime Grids

2021

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To illustrate the future maritime grids, we re-draw Fig. 4.1 here and give a more detailed illustration for future maritime grids. The following Fig. 9.1 is renamed as "future maritime grids".In Fig. 9.1, the main types of maritime grids including harbor city grid (2), seaport microgrids (4), offshore platforms (10), shipboard microgrids (12), offshore wind farms ( 14), island microgrid (15).In the first place, harbor city grid (2) is the core and acts as the main grid for the rest of maritime grids. The main functions include receiving the land-based renewable generation (1), supplying the industrial facilities (9), providing power to seaport microgrids (4), and operating two-way ferries (12) to island microgrid (15). The former four are energy connections and the fifth is a transportation connection.Then seaport microgrid (4) is the network within a seaport, and this microgrid receives electricity from the harbor city grid (2) and providing raw materials to the industrial facilities (9). The seaport microgrid also receives energy from the seaport renewable (6). Seaport provides berth positions to the cargo ships (16), and handling the cargos by the port cranes (13). The cargos are then lifting by the transferring vehicles (5) to the stackyard (8), and the cold-chain containers are stored in the reefer area (7). Besides, seaport microgrid provides cold-ironing power to the shipboard microgrid (12).The offshore platforms (10) include oil drilling platforms or other construction ships. They produce raw materials and transmit them to the industrial facilities (9) or island (15) by the oil pipes or other networks. The raw materials can be also transported by cargo ships (16).The shipboard microgrid (12) is the network installed in cargo ships (16), offshore support vessels (3), and other ships. It receives the cold-ironing power from the seaport microgrid (4), and it periodically sails between seaport and islands (15) or other places to transfer cargos.