Das Werkzeug des psychodynamischen Psychotherapeuten - verbale Interventionstypen aus theoretischer und aus der Praxis abgeleiteter Perspektive

Gumz, Antje; Horstkotte, Julia Katharina; Kästner, Denise

doi:10.13109/zptm.2014.60.3.219

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Die meisten Therapieschulen definieren solche Techniken -die Psychoanalyse etwa Deutung, Konfrontation und Klarifikation, die Verhaltenstherapie positive Selbstverbalisierung oder "prompting", die Systemische Therapie das zirkuläre Fragen oder die Klientenzentrierte Gesprächspsychotherapie das "focusing" (Gumz et al 2017). Diese verbalen Techniken synoptisch zu integrieren, ist schwierig: Zwar liegen theoretische Systematisierungsversuche vor, diese zeigen allerdings erhebliche definitorische Unschärfen (Gumz et al 2014), was eine präzise Operationalisierung verbaler Techniken erschwert. Folglich existiert in der Forschung eine Vielzahl disparater Erhebungsinstrumente, die identische Konstrukte unterschiedlich definieren, verschiedene Aspekte verbaler Techniken akzentuieren und psychometrischen Gütekriterien zum Teil unzureichend gerecht werden (Gumz et al 2015).…”

Section: Verbale Interventionenunclassified

Wie kann Reden heilen? Zur Sprache in der Psychotherapie

2020

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Zusammenfassung Psychotherapie gilt traditionell als "talking cure", als Heilverfahren also, das wesentlich über Sprache operiert. Unklar ist allerdings, was diese Zuschreibung konkret bedeutet, insofern die therapeutische Wirkung von Sprache unterschiedlich expliziert wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund rekonstruiert diese Studie zentrale Ansätze, die die "talking cure" in Termini von 1. Katharsis, 2. Symbolisierung, 3. Metaphern, 4. verbalen Interventionen und 5. Narrativen beschreiben, und diskutiert diese im Hinblick auf Befunde der Psychotherapieforschung. Im Resultat ergibt sich ein komplexes Bild disparater theoretischer Zugriffe, die in der Grundannahme konvergieren, das therapeutische Potenzial von Sprache in ihrer Möglichkeit zur Explikation beziehungsweise zur Modifikation pathologisch-maladaptiver Erlebens-und Erfahrungskonstellationen zu sehen. Die empirische Befundlage bezüglich dieser Ansätze ist heterogen: Die meisten Typen verbaler Aktivität zeigen unklare Assoziationen mit dem Behandlungserfolg. Konsistenter sind Zusammenhänge mit Prozessvariablen, wobei spezifische Prozesse von unterschiedlichen verbalen Aktivitäten evoziert werden können (zum Beispiel Verstehen durch Übertragungsdeutungen, Selbstoffenbarungen, Metaphern oder Narrative). Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass verbale Aktivität auch negative Effekte haben kann. Insgesamt legen diese Befunde eine integrative Sicht auf die Sprache im Sinne eines Sets sprachinduzierter veränderungsrelevanter Prozesse nahe, deren heilsame Wirkung im Kontext

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Section: Verbale Interventionenunclassified

Wie kann Reden heilen? Zur Sprache in der Psychotherapie

2020

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“…The videotaped sessions were transcribed and rated using the Psychodynamic Intervention List [13], with computer assistance from ATLAS.ti. The Psychodynamic Interventions List (PIL) is an instrument to identify and rate psychodynamic verbal techniques.…”

Section: Psychodynamic Interventions List (Pil)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpretative techniques can be understood as enabling insight into recurring conflicts [30] and/or facilitating the expression of problems in order to encourage and promote insight [31]. Supportive techniques, on the other hand, are defined as those strengthening the abilities of a patient that are hitherto absent or only partially developed, as well as improving his or her level of functioning and ability to adapt to certain situations [13]. The various interventions of each session, rather than the total sessions, were rated as being either supportive or interpretative.…”

Section: Psychodynamic Interventions List (Pil)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there is a paucity of studies on the correlation between nonverbal and verbal behavior in therapeutic treatment [9,10], even in chronic illnesses such as cancer, they are taken into consideration and studied as communication strategies, in the hopes of improving non-verbal behavior [11]. The strong interplay between verbal and nonverbal communication in therapeutic conversations, as well as their importance, have been discussed on several occasions [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation and Working through Contemptuous Facial Micro-Expressions Benefits the Patient-Therapist Relationship

Datz

Wong

Löffler‐Stastka

2019

IJERPH

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Introduction: The significance of psychotherapeutic micro-processes, such as nonverbal facial expressions and relationship quality, is widely known, yet hitherto has not been investigated satisfactorily. In this exploratory study, we aim to examine the occurrence of micro-processes during psychotherapeutic treatment sessions, specifically facial micro-expressions, in order to shed light on their impact on psychotherapeutic interactions and patient-clinician relationships. Methods: In analyzing 22 video recordings of psychiatric interviews in a routine/acute psychiatric care unit of Vienna General Hospital, we were able to investigate clinicians’ and patients’ facial micro-expressions in conjunction with verbal interactions and types. To this end, we employed the Emotion Facial Action Coding System (EmFACS)—assessing the action units and microexpressions—and the Psychodynamic Intervention List (PIL). Also, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), assessed after each session by both patients and clinicians, provided information on the subjective quality of the clinician–patient relationship. Results: We found that interpretative/confrontative interventions are associated with displays of contempt from both therapists and patients. Interestingly, displays of contempt also correlated with higher WAI scores. We propose that these seemingly contradictory results may be a consequence of the complexity of affects and the interplay of primary and secondary emotions with intervention type. Conclusion: Interpretation, confrontation, and working through contemptuous microexpressions are major elements to the adequate control major pathoplastic elements. Affect-cognitive interplay is an important mediator in the working alliance.

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“…Following videotaping, sessions are transcribed, and their verbal content evaluated ("content analysis") according to the Psychodynamic Intervention List (PIL)(10), an instrument used to identify and rate psychodynamic verbal techniques, with computer assistance from ATLAS.ti. To increase confidence in the findings, self-and observer-rated measures are combined before and after the sessions.ATLAS.ti is software developed for systematic analysis and structuring of unstructured data, not only in text-form, but also multimedia files, such as videos.…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Method to Better Measure and Interpret Non-Verbal Communication in Patient-Therapist Interactions

Datz¹,

Wong²,

Löffler‐Stastka³

2020

Preprint

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Objective(s): To develop a novel method of examining facial affects in psychotherapeutic settings and interpreting the subliminal microexpressions and emotions they represent.Results: Therapy sessions are videotaped, and verbal content is evaluated with computer assistance from ATLAS.ti. Visual content is screened for facial action units/micro-expressions using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and reevaluated using the Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EmFACS) in order to discern the underlying emotions. Working Alliance Inventory scores are compiled to assess their impact on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Reliability of facial action unit coding is ensured by a training course and an independently evaluated standardized test at Innsbruck University. Interrater reliability was excellent (Cohen’s κ > 0.80). Application of this method on a small study population to measure non-verbal communication and affects demonstrated its feasibility and usability. We believe this methodology to be widely implementable. Its application in psychotherapy may provide greater insights in investigations into important aspects of therapeutic interaction (e.g. verbal/non-verbal communication between clinicians and patients in psychiatric contexts, quality of psychotherapeutic relationships, etc.), and may be exploitable in clinical psychotherapeutic settings to better understand mechanisms of change in therapy.

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Das Werkzeug des psychodynamischen Psychotherapeuten - verbale Interventionstypen aus theoretischer und aus der Praxis abgeleiteter Perspektive

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Wie kann Reden heilen? Zur Sprache in der Psychotherapie

Wie kann Reden heilen? Zur Sprache in der Psychotherapie

Interpretation and Working through Contemptuous Facial Micro-Expressions Benefits the Patient-Therapist Relationship

A New Method to Better Measure and Interpret Non-Verbal Communication in Patient-Therapist Interactions

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