Das Sportherz

Reindell, H; Klepzig, H; Musshoff, K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94786-5_6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, our results clearly indicate that long-term intense endurance training leads to generalized dilation of conductance vessels. Similarly to cardiac dimensions (8,21,24), the final vessel diameter depends on the type and intensity of training, athlete's body size and possibly genetic factors. blood flow (9,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects selection Long-term intense training lowers rest heart rate and increases heart dimension (1, 11,13,18,24,32). The We studied five different athletes groups: limit to which the heart can enlarge depends on individual body size and performance capacity, the largest hearts usually being -15 professional road and track (stayers and pursuers) cyclists those of endurance-trained athletes (8,21,24). As a conse-(CYC), aged 18 to 30 years (mean 23.8).…”

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic Size of Conductance Vessels in Athletes and Sedentary People

Zeppilli¹,

Vannicelli²,

Santini³

et al. 1995

Int J Sports Med

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the size of great and medium caliber arterial and venous vessels (conductance vessels) in athletes of different sports and sedentary people. Vessel size was measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in 15 professional cyclists, 15 highly-trained long-distance runners, 15 professional volley-ball players, 10 wheelchair basketball players, 11 wheelchair distance runners and 20 sedentary controls. The following vessels were imaged and measured: aortic arch, left carotid and left subclavian artery, right pulmonary artery, abdominal aorta and mesenteric artery, superior and inferior vena cava. Vessel size was considered in absolute value and normalized for body surface area (BSA). Among the able-bodied athletes, both cyclists and long-distance runners showed a generalized increase in vessels size in respect to controls, either absolute or normalized for BSA. The increase was highly significant for normalized inferior vena cava: cyclists, mean 15.1 mm, 95% confidence intervals 14.2 to 15.8 mm; long-distance runners, 15.8 mm, 15.3 to 16.4; controls, 10.5 mm, 9.8 to 11.3. Volleyball players also showed larger vessels than controls, but this feature was clearly related to their greater body size because statistical differences were attenuated or abolished by normalization for BSA. Wheelchair athletes exhibited significantly larger upper-body vessels but significantly smaller lower-body vessels than controls when normalized for BSA. In addition, wheelchair distance runners, who trained more intensively, had larger abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava than wheelchair basket players. Long-term endurance training leads to a generalized increase in arterial and venous conductance vessels size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Size of Conductance Vessels in Athletes and Sedentary People

Zeppilli¹,

Vannicelli²,

Santini³

et al. 1995

Int J Sports Med

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“…bis zu 20 ml/kg gemessen worden (Reindell, Klepzig et al 1960 Die globale Aufgabe der Lunge ist die Anreicherung des von den Körpergeweben kommenden venösen Blutes mit O2 und die Entfernung von CO2, was insgesamt als Arterialisierung bezeichnet wird. Das Erfolgsorgan der Lungenatmung ist also das Blut (daher ist die arterielle Blutgasanalyse auch der umfassendste Lungenfunktionstest).…”

Section: Die Langfristige Anpassung An Ausdauertrainingunclassified

Leitfaden zur medizinischen Trainingsberatung

Haber¹

2009

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“…In the past few years echocardiography has become, especially in the field of sports cardiology, a harmless method of investigation which has produced convincing results. Several researches have reported on a predominant increase of chamber size denoted as "regulative dilatation" (27,28) in endurance-trained athletes, whereas athletes involved in mainly isometric exercise developed predomi-nantly increased left ventricular wall thickness similar to the concentric hypertrophy observed in chronic pressure overload (6,9,23,26,33). In addition to methodological sources of error, such as a lack of two-dimensional control of the M-mode measurements, other influential factors in echocardiography control studies must be considered, such as a possible hypertonus (11,13,15,16,29,34), the widespread intake of anabolic steroids (5, 29), and the different body sizes or absolute heart sizes (18,29,39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With the advent of image-giving, noninvasive investigatory methods such as X-rays and echocardiography, the thesis put forward by Henschen (19), which maintained that an enlarged heart due to endurance training was a physiologic adaptation to the volume overload in response to dynamic exercise, was confirmed. It was also postulated that strength training and short bouts of anaerobic exercise did not cause an enlarged athlete's heart even after several hours of daily training (27,28,30). In the past few years echocardiography has become, especially in the field of sports cardiology, a harmless method of investigation which has produced convincing results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One- and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Body Builders and Endurance-Trained Subjects*

Urhausen¹,

Kindermann²

1989

Int J Sports Med

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The object of the study was to investigate possible myocardial adaptations to intensive body building training and to differentiate them from the athlete's heart resulting from high intensive endurance training. Seven top-level body builders (BB) were examined by one- and two-dimensional echocardiography and bicycle ergometer step test. They were compared with seven highly endurance-trained athletes (E) using the matched pair procedure. BB showed normal blood pressure at rest and during ergometric exercise; their ergometric performance was in the normal range of sedentary subjects. Absolute left ventricular muscle mass (LVMM) as well as one-dimensional measurements of wall thickness and internal diameters were found to be similar in BB and E, while body weight and surface-related values were clearly higher in E. The ratios between LV myocardial thickness and internal diameter (M-mode) as well as between LVMM and LV volume (combined one- and two-dimensional method) were not statistically different between BB (0.356 +/- 0.077 and 1.10 +/- 0.16) and E (0.436 +/- 0.062 and 1.26 +/- 0.21). LV contractility was similar in both groups. Diastolic parameters showed only a slight tendency toward slower isovolumetric relaxation in BB. A significant correlation existed between lean body mass and LVMM in BB but not in E. The findings suggest that intense body building over a period of several years does not induce any form of concentric hypertrophy. Analogously to the increase in body dimensions, body building also causes an increase in heart size with an unchanged mass/volume ratio. There is no evidence of an enlargement of the heart in relation to body weight, as occurs in endurance athletes.

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Das Sportherz

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Echocardiographic Size of Conductance Vessels in Athletes and Sedentary People

Echocardiographic Size of Conductance Vessels in Athletes and Sedentary People

Leitfaden zur medizinischen Trainingsberatung

One- and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Body Builders and Endurance-Trained Subjects*

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