Dammarane-Type Saponins from the Flower Buds ofPanax ginsengand Their Intracellular Radical Scavenging Capacity

Abstract

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been extensively used as a functional food for thousands of years. This study with the aim to evaluate the potential of P. ginseng flower components as a functional food with medicinal properties resulted in the identification of three new dammarane-type saponins, named floralginsenosides Ka-Kc (1-3), along with seventeen known ones (4-20). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by the intracellular ROS radical scavenging DCF-DA assay. Among them, floralginsenoside Ka (1) displayed potent scavenging activity with the inhibition value of 64% at 10 microM; and ginsenoside Rb(1) (13), floralginsenoside Kc (3), floralginsenoside Kb (2), vinaginsenoside R(9) (11), majoroside F(1) (12), ginsenoside I (17), and ginsenoside II (18) showed moderate scavenging capacity with the inhibition rate of 28, 33, 35, 35, 35, 38, and 38% at 10 microM, respectively. These results warrant further studies concerning the potential of saponin extracts of P. ginseng flowers for functional foods.

A dimeric triterpenoid glycoside and flavonoid glycosides with free radical-scavenging activity isolated from Rubus rigidus var. camerunensis

“…Many flavonoids have exhibited a range of biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidant property and inhibition of free radical-mediated processes (Facino et al, 1990;Mora et al, 1990;Yen and Chen, 1995;Cao et al, 1997;Cos et al, 1998). Recently, saponins have also been shown to possess potent antioxidant properties (Fu et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2009;Nzowa et al, 2010;Tung et al, 2010). So, plants containing flavonoids and/or saponins may be potential source of new antioxidant with less pro-oxidant effects.…”

Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides from steamed ginseng-leaves and flowers on the LPS-stimulated IL-12 production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

“…Biologically active constituents of ginseng have been pursued extensively and many dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, generally known as ginsenosides, have been characterized as the principal (Shibata, 2001;Park et al, 2005). In our research on ginseng leaves and flowers, it is recognized that the leaves and flowers have been rich in also various ginsenosides (Tung et al, 2009(Tung et al, , 2010a. Furthermore, our recent study concerning processed leaves and flowers in respect to that of ginseng roots in traditional use resulted in the identification of series of unique ginsenosides, including notoginsenoside R 10 (1), ginsenoside Rg 3 (2), ginsenoside ST 2 (3), ginsenoside ST 1 (4), ginsenoside Rh 1 (5), 20S-ginsenoside Rg 2 (6), 20R-ginsenoside Rg 2 (7), ginsenoside SL 2 (8), ginsenoside SL 3 (9), ginsenoside SL 1 (10), ginsenoside SF (11), ginsenoside Rg 6 (12), ginsenoside F 4 (13), ginsenoside Rh 3 (14), ginsenoside Rk 2 (15), 20S-ginsenoside Rh 2 (16), 20R-ginsenoside Rh 2 (17), ginsenoside Rs 4 (18), pseudoginsenoside RC 1 (19), 6'-acetyl-ginsenoside Rg 1 (20), and ginsenoside Mb (21) (Fig.…”

Supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation improves the antioxidative activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and therapeutic index of <em>Panax ginseng</em>

“…22 In particular, studies found that deglycosylated ginsenosides Rg 3 , Rk 1 , and Rg 5 possessed a stronger antioxidative capacity than PPD or PPT.…”