Damages and Failures of Structures in İzmir (Turkey) during the October 30, 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake

Gurbuz, Tuba; Cengiz, Abdullah; Kolemenoglu, Sener; Demir, Cem; İlki, Alper

doi:10.1080/13632469.2022.2086186

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This observation is also supported by Aydogdu et al (2022b) and others (i.e. Tapan et al (2013) and Gurbuz et al (2022)) stating that the columns of almost all pre-2000 building stock in Turkey has transverse reinforcement spacing between 200 to 300 mm at the confinement zones. It can be inferred that these buildings, like many buildings constructed in the same period, are far from meeting the design and construction regulations of their era.…”

Section: Buildingssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…To overcome this obstacle, reinforcement information and spacing values are determined from damage photos, when the reinforcements are visible. Otherwise, these parameters are selected based on assumptions made (Table 5) considering the common practice of construction along the range of construction years of the investigated buildings (Ilki and Celep 2012;Ilki et al 2014;Yakut et al 2021;Gurbuz et al 2022;Aydogdu et al 2022b) together with the minimum requirements of seismic design code valid at that time.…”

Section: Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be inferred that these buildings, like many buildings constructed in the same period, are far from meeting the design and construction regulations of their era. This case may stem from the lack of control mechanism, seismic awareness and economic resources as narrated by Aydinoglu (2007), Ilki and Celep (2012), Makra et al (2021), Gurbuz et al (2022), Aydogdu et al (2022).…”

Section: Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a Performance Based Rapid Seismic Assessment Methodology (PERA2019) based on Actual Earthquake Damages

Aydogdu

İlki

2023

Preprint

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Most of the buildings in Turkey constructed before 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes do not have sufficient seismic resistance due to construction errors and do not satisfy the recent Turkish Building Earthquake Code (2018) or its preceding versions. In Istanbul, the ratio of buildings constructed before 2000 is nearly 70% in building stock. Clearly, seismic safety assessment of huge number of buildings is not practically possible by code-based detailed assessment approaches, which generally assess the seismic performance of buildings in terms of pass or fail, rather than rank and classify/prioritize these buildings considering their seismic safety. Moreover, the probability of a catastrophic earthquake that could hit Istanbul is high. Therefore, to minimize casualties and economic losses, it is important to determine the most vulnerable existing buildings effectively in terms of cost and duration. Accordingly, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality has started to evaluate the seismic safety of existing reinforced concrete buildings using the PERA2019 method considering the actual structural data collected on site. The buildings are then divided into 5 seismic risk classes from low-risk to very highrisk according to the computed seismic safety ratio. In this study, the reliability of the PERA2019 is evaluated by considering the predicted risk classes of another large group of actual buildings that have been subjected to actual earthquakes and experienced earthquakeinduced damages in different extents. The comparative evaluation of actual seismic damages and predictions of PERA2019 showed clearly that the methodology has a sound ability to estimate the structural seismic performance of the investigated buildings.

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Section: Buildingssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a Performance Based Rapid Seismic Assessment Methodology (PERA2019) based on Actual Earthquake Damages

Aydogdu

İlki

2023

Preprint

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“…Many structural inadequacies, such as inadequate earthquake-resistant construction techniques, low concrete quality, and poor workmanship, have been cited as the main causes of damage. Gurbuz et al [16], after the earthquake that occurred off the Aegean Sea on 30 October 2020 and which also affected ˙Izmir, studied the effect of the earthquake on the structures in the region through field investigations. Some preliminary analyses were conducted to study the causes of the observed seismic damage on reinforced concrete buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Reconnaissance and Earthquake Vulnerability of the RC Buildings in Adıyaman during 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes

Işık,

Avcil,

İzol

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The 6th February 2023 Pazarcık and Elbistan earthquakes (Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6) caused great destruction in many cities and were the disaster of the century for Türkiye. The greatest destruction was caused in the provinces of Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Adıyaman during these earthquakes, which were independent of each other and occurred on the same day. Information about earthquakes and strong ground motion records is given within the scope of this study. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures which constitute a large part of the urban building stock in the earthquake region were exposed to structural damage at different levels. The structural damage in the RC structures in the city center, Gölbaşı, and Kahta districts of the province of Adıyaman was evaluated within the scope of earthquake and civil engineering after field investigations. Insufficient RC, low-strength concrete reinforcement problems, RC frame failure, heavy overhang, short columns, soft story, and pounding effect are the main causes of the earthquake damage. The presence of these factors that reduce the earthquake resistance of RC structures increased the damage level. In addition, the fact that the earthquakes occurred nine hours apart and the continuation of aftershocks during that period negatively affected the damage levels. It has been observed that structures that receive the necessary engineering services during the construction and project phases ensure the safety of life and property, even if the structure is slightly damaged. In this study, we also tried to reveal whether the target displacements were satisfactorily represented by numerical analysis for a sample RC structure.

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“…However, these walls are often constructed with brittle materials and are not given sufficient attention with proper safety assessments in structural design processes. Recent earthquakes, including the L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, Van earthquake in 2011, Izmir earthquake in 2020, and the Kahramanmaras earthquakes in 2023 have revealed the potential for severe damage to infill walls, leading to significant injuries and life losses [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of seismic performance of indoor AAC infill walls with flat‐truss bed‐joint reinforcement

Halici,

Demir,

Zabbar

et al. 2023

ce papers

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IntroductionAutoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a lightweight and energy‐efficient material which makes it one of the most convenient materials to be used in infill walls. Accordingly, AAC walls are becoming more and more favored infill systems in earthquake‐prone regions. Although the infills are not considered primary components in seismic design, they are highly susceptible to be damaged under seismic actions in in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OOP) directions.ObjectivePast post‐earthquake site surveys indicated that the failure of infill walls may result in severe casualties, injuries, and economic losses. In addition, damage to infills may hinder the functionality of critical buildings, which are expected to be in service after earthquakes. The application of horizontal bed‐joint reinforcement between infill courses is one of the promising solutions to increase the seismic resilience of infill walls.MethodologyThis paper presents the experimental performance investigation of AAC infill walls with flat‐truss bed‐joint reinforcement being subjected to lateral loading in IP and OOP directions. The specimens represent relatively thin infills with a thickness of 150 mm, which are generally used in indoor environments. To consider the seismic actions in the IP direction, two full‐scale infill wall specimens (one unreinforced reference and one with flat‐truss reinforcement) built in reinforced concrete frames were first tested under reversed cyclic IP displacement reversals and then tested under the cyclic OOP displacements.ConclusionsThe results revealed that the use of flat‐truss reinforcement enhanced the OOP strength, ultimate displacement, and energy dissipation capacity of infill walls that have been subjected to cyclic IP displacements previously.

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Damages and Failures of Structures in İzmir (Turkey) during the October 30, 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Validation of a Performance Based Rapid Seismic Assessment Methodology (PERA2019) based on Actual Earthquake Damages

Validation of a Performance Based Rapid Seismic Assessment Methodology (PERA2019) based on Actual Earthquake Damages

Field Reconnaissance and Earthquake Vulnerability of the RC Buildings in Adıyaman during 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes

Investigation of seismic performance of indoor AAC infill walls with flat‐truss bed‐joint reinforcement

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