Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Aune, Dagfinn; Norat, Teresa; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Vatten, Lars J.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.059030

Cited by 363 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, the potential health impacts of animal-derived foods, and more specifically Proceedings of the Nutrition Society milk and dairy consumption, have been questioned owing to their high saturated fat content (for review, see (3) ). However, emerging epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of milk and dairy consumption on health, particularly cardiometabolic health (4)(5)(6) .…”

Section: Dairy Protein: Metabolic Health: Blood Pressure: Vascular Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

2016

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The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is a significant public health burden worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the inverse association between greater dairy consumption and reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Dairy proteins may have an important role in the favourable impact of dairy on human health such as blood pressure (BP), blood lipid and glucose control. The purpose of this review is to update and critically evaluate the evidence on the impacts of casein and whey protein in relation to metabolic function. Evidence from short-term clinical studies assessing postprandial responses to milk protein ingestion suggests benefits on vascular function independent of BP, as well as improvement in glycaemic homeostasis. Long-term interventions have been less conclusive, with some showing benefits and others indicating a lack of improvement in vascular function. During chronic consumption BP appears to be lowered and both dyslipidaemia and hyperglacaemia seem to be controlled. Limited number of trials investigated the effects of dairy proteins on oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the underlying mechanisms of milk proteins on cardiometabolic homeostasis remains to be elucidated, the most likely mechanism is to improve insulin resistance. The incorporation of meals enriched with dairy protein in the habitual diet may result in the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, future well-designed, controlled studies are needed to investigate the relative effects of both casein and whey protein on BP, vascular function, glucose homeostasis and inflammation.

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Section: Dairy Protein: Metabolic Health: Blood Pressure: Vascular Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

2016

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“…More recently, a systematic review and dose-response metaanalysis reported that a high intake of total dairy products was associated with a significant decrease in risk of T2DM (RR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·96) and this reduction in risk was 7 % less for every 400 g total dairy product consumed per d (47) . In addition, significant inverse associations were also found for low-fat dairy products (RR 0·83; 95 % CI 0·76, 0·90), low-fat or skimmed milk (RR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·69), cheese (RR 0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·98) and yoghurt (RR 0·86; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·98), but not for high-fat dairy or total milk when high v. low consumption was compared.…”

Section: Nutrition Research Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

Lovegrove

Givens

2016

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasingly and is a key risk for CVD development, now recognised as the leading cause of death globally. Dietary strategies to reduce CVD development include reduction of saturated fat intake. Milk and dairy products are the largest contributors to dietary saturated fats in the UK and reduced consumption is often recommended as a strategy for risk reduction. However, overall evidence from prospective cohort studies does not confirm a detrimental association between dairy product consumption and CVD risk. The present review critically evaluates the current evidence on the association between milk and dairy products and risk of CVD, T2DM and the metabolic syndrome (collectively, cardiometabolic disease). The effects of total and individual dairy foods on cardiometabolic risk factors and new information on the effects of the food matrix on reducing fat digestion are also reviewed. It is concluded that a policy to lower SFA intake by reducing dairy food consumption to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk is likely to have limited or possibly negative effects. There remain many uncertainties, including differential effects of different dairy products and those of differing fat content. Focused and suitably designed and powered studies are needed to provide clearer evidence not only of the mechanisms involved, but how they may be beneficially influenced during milk production and processing.

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“…In addition, inverse association between low-fat and fluid dairy food consumption and elevated blood pressure was found in a meta-analysis of cohort studies (15) . Aune et al (16) focused on dairy products and type 2 diabetes and concluded that there was an inverse association between consumption of total dairy product and low-fat dairy product, and risk of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Change Of the Status Of Metabolic Syndrome And Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer has been the leading cause of death since 1983, and CVD and type 2 diabetes related to MetS also have been major causes of death (6) . These chronic diseases are well known to be associated with diet; many epidemiological studies have reported that meat consumption increased the risk of Proceedings of the Nutrition Society metabolic diseases and cancer (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) , while milk consumption reduced the risk (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . Change of diet, especially increased consumption of meat and milk, seems closely related to higher rates of chronic diseases among Koreans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Meat and milk intake in the rice-based Korean diet: impact on cancer and metabolic syndrome

Jun

Chung

et al. 2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Over a few decades, Korean diet has changed from traditional diet, mainly composed of rice and vegetables, to Westernised diet rich, in meat and milk, along with the economic development and globalisation. Increasing prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases such as cancer and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a heavy burden to society and requires further attention. In this review, the association of meat and milk consumption with cancer and MetS among Koreans was discussed. Previous meta-analyses showed that meat intake was positively associated with increased risk of cancers, especially colon, as well as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and that the intake of milk and dairy products was negatively associated with colorectal cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on studies conducted mostly in Western countries. In Korea and other Asian countries, the association of meat and milk intake with cancers were inconclusive and varied by types of cancers. Conversely, milk intake was negatively associated with MetS risk as reported in Western countries. The difference in results between Korea and Western countries might come from the differences in dietary patterns and study designs. Most Koreans still maintain traditional dietary pattern, although rapid change towards Westernised diet is underway among the younger age group. Randomised clinical trials or prospective cohort studies with consideration of combined effects of various dietary factors in Korea and other Asian countries are needed to elucidate the impact of meat and milk or related dietary patterns in their diet.

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Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Cited by 363 publications

References 58 publications

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

Meat and milk intake in the rice-based Korean diet: impact on cancer and metabolic syndrome

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