Daily Growth Rates in Shells of Arctica islandica: Assessing Sub-seasonal Environmental Controls on a Long-lived Bivalve Mollusk

Abstract

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Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines

“…We suggest that peak concentrations of barium in bivalve shells result from sudden fluxes of barite to the sediment water interface as a consequence of phytoplankton blooms (Stecher et al, 1996), and that this mechanism involves an extended time delay between diatom blooms and Ba/Ca peaks in A. islandica shells, as observed in our study (Figure 6: ~ 3.5 months time lag between the spring bloom and subsequent Ba/Ca summer peak). The second diatom bloom in summer would cause another increase in barite in winter which coincides with the winter growth inhibition (mid-December to mid-February) (Schöne et al, 2005) (Wiltshire and Dürselen, 2004). All data points are plotted over the course of one calendar year (J = January to D = December) after filtering (removal of the upper 5% and lower 10% of the data) and normalization (minimum = 0; maximum = 1) of the data.…”

A seasonally resolved bottom‐water temperature record for the period AD 1866–2002 based on shells of Arctica islandica (Mollusca, North Sea)

“…Hence, the isotope data obtained from different years and different shells can be compared with each other. Following the shape of the microgrowth increments (equivalent to daily increments; Schöne et al, 2005), aragonite powder was milled from years four to nine of the outer shell layer under a binocular microscope. We employed a cylindrical diamond drill bit (1 mm diameter, Komet/Gebr.…”

“…First, shells of A. islandica provide multi-proxy records of environmental variables. Changes of environmental parameters are recorded in variations of growth rates (Marchitto et al, 2000;Schöne et al, 2003a,b) and stable isotopes (Weidman et al, 1994;Marsh et al, 1999;Schöne et al, 2004cSchöne et al, , 2005. Unlike corals, shells of A. islandica incorporate the stable oxygen isotopes in equilibrium with ambient seawater, which allows one to calculate absolute palaeotemperatures from fossil specimens (Weidman et al, 1994).…”

“…Unlike corals, shells of A. islandica incorporate the stable oxygen isotopes in equilibrium with ambient seawater, which allows one to calculate absolute palaeotemperatures from fossil specimens (Weidman et al, 1994). Second, shells of A. islandica provide high-resolution proxy data because they grow by daily accretion of carbonate (Schöne et al, 2005). Third, A. islandica is apparently less severely affected by stand effects than are trees.…”

Physiological aging in the Icelandic population of the ocean quahog Arctica islandica

“…In fact, once a species' longevity under optimal conditions is known, mean life expectancy of individuals in that population can serve as an indicator of the level of stress being experienced. This, and the fact that shells of long-lived cold-temperate bivalves are increasingly used as environmental archives (Richardson et al 2001, Schöne et al 2005, have raised interest in bivalve life strategies, as well as in the physiological changes in cells and tissues of aging bivalves. Recent work from our laboratory (Philipp et al 2005a,b, Philipp et al 2006 indicates that physiological aging in marine mud-dwelling bivalves is in line with the 'Free Radical -Rate of Living' theory established by Pearl (1928) and Harman (1956).…”