Daily carbon dioxide emission and activity of rabbits during the fattening period

Estellés, F.; Rodriguez-Latorre, Andres; Calvet, S.; Villagrá, Arantxa; Torres, Álvaro Pastor

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.02.011

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To apply this balance in rabbit farms, not only the average emission value, but also the daily pattern must be known. The daily pattern in carbon dioxide emission identified in this study (Figure 3) is very similar to the pattern identified by Estellés et al (2010). According to these authors, the lowest carbon dioxide production occurs approximately at 3 h, and is associated with the daily minimum in animal activity.…”

Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The CIGR (2002) estimated an average carbon dioxide production in rabbits of 1.55 g/h per kilogram of live weight. For fattening rabbits, Kiwull-Schöne et al (2005) estimated an overall emission of 1.16 g/h per kilogram of live weight, whereas Estellés et al (2010) found an average emission rate of 2.55 g/h per kilogram of live weight. Those studies were conducted in flux chambers, and carbon dioxide production by manure was therefore not considered.…”

Section: Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the indoor environment and gas emissions in rabbit farms

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:There is a need to characterise gas concentrations and emissions from rabbit production. A study was conducted in order to determine ammonia, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide concentrations and emissions on 3 rabbit farms in the Spanish Mediterranean area. Gas emissions were measured for 187 d in 2 different production stages (reproductive does and fattening rabbits). Gas concentrations were measured every 2 h. Indoor temperature, relative humidity and ventilation fl ow were measured hourly. As a result, indoor temperature and relative humidity varied throughout the year, following a sinusoidal daily variation pattern. Maximum gas concentrations (14.3, 7041 and 5.10 mg/m 3 of NH 3 , CO 2 and N 2 O, respectively) did not exceed the maximum recommended thresholds considering human health and animal welfare. Ammonia emissions were on average 55.9 and 10.2 mg/h per reproductive doe and fattening rabbit, respectively, and were affected by temperature and relative humidity. The average carbon dioxide emission was 12588 mg/h per animal for does and 3341 mg/h for fattening rabbits. Nitrous oxide emission from does was 10.3 mg/h per animal, whereas for fattening rabbits the emission was negligible. Daily variation patterns of all measured parameters were observed and characterised in this study.

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Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the indoor environment and gas emissions in rabbit farms

et al. 2011

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“…Daily excursions of gases were larger in the summer, and the values of amplitude of NH3 were highest, respectively 0.32 and 0.55 in building A and B. Estellés et al (2010aEstellés et al ( , 2010b discovered amplitude for CO2 of ±16.1% and tmin at 02:54 p.m., which seems to coincide quite well with the equations modelled in these two buildings for autumn and winter. Daily concentration patterns of CO2 and CH4 were similar to each other during winter and summer, with tmin that occurred in daylight hours, between the 12:54 a.m. and 03:12 p.m.…”

Section: Variations Of Gas Concentration In Time and Spacesupporting

confidence: 75%

Noxious gases in rabbit housing systems: effects of cross and longitudinal ventilation

Borso

Chiumenti

Mezzadri

et al. 2016

J Agricult Engineer

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Animal welfare is a matter of increasing interest due to ethical and economical worries regarding animal rights and the sustainability of meat production. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane can be produced in the livestock buildings and, if not adequately controlled by ventilation, can be dangerous for animals and farmers. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of different ventilation systems in rabbit buildings based on the temporal patterns and the spatial distribution of these noxious gases. The experimental measurements were conducted in two rabbit farms with genetically homogeneous animals subjected to the same diet. Two buildings with different forced ventilation layouts (cross ventilation -building A and longitudinal ventilation -building B) were subjected to the monitoring of indoor environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane) over a whole year. In both the buildings, ventilation was adjusted automatically by means of electronic control units, which were controlled by temperature sensors, located at the centre of the buildings. Gas concentrations inside the buildings followed clearly defined sinusoidal patterns on a daily basis with the highest values reached in winter during the morning hours for ammonia and during the night hours for carbon dioxide and methane. In particular, ammonia revealed a maximum concentration of 30.7 mg m -3 in building A (cross ventilation) and 12.9 mg m -3 in building B (longitudinal ventilation), whereas the minimum values were 6.0 and 4.2 mg m -3 , in building A and B, respectively. As a consequence, daily mean concentrations of noxious gases, solely could not be considered representative of the actual conditions of air quality in the buildings. The airflow direction clearly influenced the spatial concentration of ammonia, which showed different patterns in the two buildings. In building A, the highest ammonia concentration was in a diffuse central area, whereas in building B, it was determined to be less extended and located in the proximity of the wall equipped with extraction fans. The results of this study provide important indications for the planning and management of housing systems for rabbits including: the correct positioning of gas sensors for regulating ventilation systems must be central in case of cross ventilation, but close to the suction fans in case of longitudinal ventilation; the cross ventilation can lead to ammonia concentration higher than longitudinal ventilation, which is caused by the close and prolonged contact of airflow with manure surface in the channels; fans for longitudinal ventilation must be positioned in the same side of the building where scrapers discharge manure; furthermore, manure scraping has to be performed daily in winter during the hours of the day when ventilation rate is at its maximum.

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“…PM concentrations in our study were directly affected by the time of day, increasing from 07:00 to 15:00 h. Rabbits have been reported to be more active at night (Estellés et al, 2010) and Ribikauskas et al (2010) also reported that air quality parameters were related to rabbit activity, except for PM concentrations. Our results showed that during 24-h measurements, peaks in PM concentrations were mainly related with human activity rather than animal activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Particulate matter concentrations and emissions in rabbit farms

et al. 2012

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AbstrAct:The extent of the potential health hazards of particulate matter (PM) inside rabbit farms and the magnitude of emission levels to the outside environment are still unknown, as data on PM concentrations and emissions in and from such buildings are scarce. The purpose of this study was to quantify airborne PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50% efficient cut-off at 10 µm aerodynamic diameter or at 2.5 µm aerodynamic diameter, respectively) concentrations and emissions on 2 rabbit farms in Mediterranean conditions and to identify the main factors related with farm activities influencing PM generation. Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were determined continuously using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) in one farm with fattening rabbits and one reproductive doe farm in autumn. At the same time as PM sampling, the time and type of human farm activity being performed was recorded. Additionally, temperature, relative humidity and ventilation rate were recorded continuously. Emissions were calculated using a mass balance on each farm. Results showed PM concentrations in these rabbit farms were low compared with the average values given for poultry and pig farms. Average PM10 concentrations were 0.08±0.06 (fattening rabbits), and 0.05±0.06 mg/m 3 (reproductive does). Average PM2.5 concentrations were 0.01±0.02 (fattening rabbits), and 0.01±0.04 mg/m 3 (reproductive does). Particulate matter concentrations were significantly influenced by the type of human farm activity conducted in the building rather than by animal activity. The main PM-generating activity in the fattening rabbit farm was sweeping, while the major PM-generating activity in reproductive doe farm was sweeping and burning hair from the cages. Average PM10 emissions were 6.0±6.1 (fattening rabbits), and 14.9±31.5 mg/place d (reproductive does). Average PM2.5 emissions were 0.2±1.3 (fattening rabbits), and 2.8±19.5 mg/place d (reproductive does). Emission results indicate that rabbit farms can be considered relevant point sources of PM emissions, comparable to other livestock species. Our results improve the knowledge on factors affecting concentration and emissions of PM in rabbit farms and can contribute to the design of suitable PM reduction measures to control not only PM inside rabbit houses, but also its emission into the atmosphere.

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Daily carbon dioxide emission and activity of rabbits during the fattening period

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of the indoor environment and gas emissions in rabbit farms

Characterization of the indoor environment and gas emissions in rabbit farms

Noxious gases in rabbit housing systems: effects of cross and longitudinal ventilation

Particulate matter concentrations and emissions in rabbit farms

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