Da filosofia à psicopatologia: interlocuções entre Merleau-Ponty e Arthur Tatossian

Abstract

Starting from the notions of perception and ambiguity, we take Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology to reflect on the interrelation between man and world in the phenomenological psychopathology of Arthur Tatossian. For these authors, we should not replace the study of the world or consciousness with what is being thought, i.e., we should not separate the observer from what is being observed, as we seek the living world that is constructed in such an interrelation. As in the ambiguous phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, who sought to disrupt the split between the dimensions of objectivity and subjectivity, through the notion of Lebenswelt, Tatossian thought that contacting each other is essential for us to achieve the Lebenswelt, each one’s lived world, realizing that the theories built on the psychopathological manifestations do not come about from the experience but in the experience.

How to define today a medical disorder? Biological and psychosocial disadvantages as the paramount criteria

“…We shall adopt in the following analysis the existence possibilities as a determinant of disease, described by Merleau-Ponty and Arthur Tattosian. 26 In this perspective, the consciousness can access the 'lived world' (Lebenswelt), through an ever-changing, mobile, and temporally active 'structure', that evolves through the acquisition of 'essences'. 27,28 A structure is a pre consciousness construct composed by biological, social and subjective patterns and abilities called essences (check on Figure 1).…”